全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Moss and Lichen Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution in the Western Cape Province (South Africa)

DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2019.103008, PP. 86-102

Keywords: Atmospheric Deposition, Trace Elements, Mosses, Lichens, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

For the first time, the atmospheric deposition of trace elements was investigated in two regions (Cape Winelands and Cape Peninsula) of the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) using naturally growing mosses and lichens. A total of 33 elements were determined by epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify and characterize different pollution sources.

References

[1]  Nylander, M.W. (1866) Les Lichens Du Jardin Du Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, 13, 364-371.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1866.10827433
[2]  Rühling, Å. and Tyler, G. (1968) An Ecological Approach to the Lead Problem. Botaniska Notiser, 121, 321-342.
[3]  Bargagli, R. (2016) Moss and Lichen Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Mercury: A Review. Science of the Total Environment, 572, 216-231.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.202
[4]  Anicic, M.U., Gordana, V. and Milica, T. (2016) Biomonitoring of Air Pollution Using Mosses and Lichens: A Passive & Active Approach—State of the Art Research & Perspectives. Air, Water and Soil Pollution Science and Technology Series, Nova Science Publishers Inc., UK.
[5]  Smodiš, B. (2003) Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution (WITH EMPHASIS ON TRACE ELEMENTS)-BioMAP II. International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Austria.
[6]  Berg, T. and Steinnes, E. (1997) Use of Mosses (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) as Biomonitors of Heavy Metal Deposition: From Relative to Absolute Deposition Values. Environmental Pollution, 98, 61-71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00103-6
[7]  Giordano, S., Adamo, P., Monaci, F., Pittao, E., Tretiach, M. and Bargagli, R. (2009) Bags with Oven-Dried Moss for Active Monitoring of Airborne Trace Elements in Urban Areas. Environmental Pollution, 157, 2798-2805.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.020
[8]  Aboal, J.R., Fernández, J.A., Boquete, T. and Carballeira, A. (2010) Is It Possible to Estimate Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals by Analysis of Terrestrial Mosses? Science of the Total Environment, 408, 6291-6297.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.013
[9]  Nickel, S., Hertel, A., Pesch, R., Schröder, W. and Steinnes, E. (2014) Modelling and Mapping Spatio-Temporal Trends of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Moss and Natural Surface Soil Monitored 1990-2010 throughout Norway by Multivariate Generalized Linear Models and Geostatistics. Atmospheric Environment, 99, 85-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.059
[10]  Frontasyeva, M.V. (2011) Neutron Activation Analysis in the Life Sciences. Physics of Particles and Nuclei, 42, 332-378.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779611020043
[11]  Olowoyo, J.O., van Heerden, E., Fischer, J.L. and Baker, C. (2010) Trace Metals in Soil and Leaves of Jacaranda mimosifolia in Tshwane Area, South Africa. Atmospheric Environment, 44, 1826-1830.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.048
[12]  Olowoyo, J.O., Van Heerden, E. and Fischer, J.L. (2011) Trace Element Concentrations from Lichen Transplants in Pretoria, South Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18, 663-668.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0410-3
[13]  Forbes, P.B.C., Thanjekwayo, M., Okonkwo, J.O., Sekhula, M. and Zvinowanda, C. (2009) Lichens as Biomonitors for Manganese and Lead in Pretoria, South Africa. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18, 609-614.
[14]  Van der Wat, L. and Forbes, P.B.C. (2015) Lichens as Biomonitors for Organic Air Pollutants. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 64, 165-172.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.09.006
[15]  Olowoyo, J.O., Odiwe, A.I., Mkolo, N.M. and Macheka, L. (2013) Investigating the Concentrations of Different Elements in Soil and Plant Composition from a Mining Area. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22, 1135-1141.
[16]  Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2000) Integrated Pollution and Waste Management for South Africa: A Policy on Pollution Prevention, Waste Minimisation, Impact Management and Remediation.
[17]  Frontasyeva, M.V. (2009) Nuclear and Related Analytical Techniques for Life Sciences. Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry, 20, 11-18.
[18]  World Health Organisation Working Group (2003) Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide. Technical Report, World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for Europe.
[19]  Tiwary, A. and Williams, I. (2018) Air Pollution: Measurement, Modelling and Mitigation. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
[20]  Rühling, Å. and Tyler, A. (1971) Regional Differences in the Deposition of Heavy Metals over Scandinavia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 8, 497-507.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2402886
[21]  Jiang, Y., Fan, M., Hu, R., Zhao, J. and Wu, Y. (1105) Mosses Are Better than Leaves of Vascular Plants in Monitoring Atmospheric Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, pii: E1105.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061105
[22]  Mróz, T., Szufa, K., Frontasyeva, M.V., et al. (2018) Determination of Element Composition and Extraterrestrial Material Occurrence in Moss and Lichen Samples from King George Island (Antarctica) Using Reactor Neutron Activation Analysis and SEM Microscopy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 436-446.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0431-2
[23]  ávila-Pérez, P., Longoria-Gándara, L.C., García-Rosales, G., et al. (2018) Monitoring of Elements in Mosses by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and Total X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 317, 367-380.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-5896-z
[24]  Steinnes, E., Berg, T. and Uggerud, H.T. (2011) Three Decades of Atmospheric Metal Deposition in Norway as Evident from Analysis of Moss Samples. Science of the Total Environment, 412-413, 351-358.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.086
[25]  Markert, B., Wuenschmann, S., Fraenzle, S., Wappelhorst, O. and Weckert, V. (2008) On the Road from Environmental Biomonitoring to Human Health Aspects: Monitoring Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition by Epiphytic/Epigeic Plants: Present Status and Future Needs. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 32, 486-498.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2008.018412
[26]  Anicic, M., Tomaševic, M., Tasic, M., Rajšic, S., Popovic, A., Frontasyeva, M.V., Lierhagen, S. and Steinnes, E. (2009) Monitoring of Trace Element Atmospheric Deposition Using Dry and Wet Moss Bags: Accumulation Capacity versus Exposure Time. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171, 182-188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.112
[27]  González, A.G. and Pokrovsky, O.S. (2014) Metal Adsorption on Mosses: Toward a Universal Adsorption Model. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 415, 169-178.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.028
[28]  Varela, Z., Fernández, J.A., Real, C., Carballeira, A. and Aboal, J.R. (2015) Influence of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Pollutants on Their Uptake in Moss. Atmospheric Environment, 102, 130-135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.061
[29]  De Bruin, D. (1990) Applying Biological Monitors and Neutron Activation Analysis in Studies of Heavy-Metal Air Pollution. IAEA Bulletin, 4, 22-27.
[30]  Allajbeu, S., Yushin, N.S., Qarri, F., Duliu, O.G., Lazo, P. and Frontasyeva, M.V. (2016) Atmospheric Deposition of Rare Earth Elements in Albania Studied by the Moss Biomonitoring Technique, Neutron Activation Analysis and GIS Technology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 14087-14101.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6509-4
[31]  Harmens, H. (2010) United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution: Monitoring of Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals, Nitrogen and POPs in Europe Using Byrophytes. ICP Vegetation Coordination Centre.
[32]  Brown, R.J.C. and Milton, M.J.T. (2005) Analytical Techniques for Trace Element Analysis: An Overview. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 24, 266-274.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2004.11.010
[33]  Bode, P. (1996) Instrumental and Organizational Aspects of a Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory. PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology.
[34]  Daud, M. (2009) Use of Various Plants as Biomonitors to Estimate Atmospheric Pollution. PhD Thesis, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:438b9110-fb94-4015-b277-1c5fba96ac71
[35]  Greenberg, R.R. (2008) Pushing the Limits of NAA: Accuracy, Uncertainty and Detection Limits. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 278, 231-240.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-008-9101-7
[36]  Glascock, M.D. (2006) An Overview of Neutron Activation Analysis. Technical Report, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia.
[37]  Frontasyeva, M.V., Pavlov, S.S. and Shvetsov, V.N. (2010) NAA for Applied Investigations at FLNP JINR: Present and Future. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 286, 519-524.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0814-z
[38]  Frontasyeva, M.V. (2011) NAA for Life Sciences at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Ecological Chemistry and Engineers, 18, 281-304.
[39]  Filby, R.H. (1995) Isotopic and Nuclear Analytical Techniques in Biological Systems: A Critical Study Part IX. Neutron Activation Analysis. Technical Report, IUPAC.
[40]  Bode, P., Greenberg, R.R. and De Nadai Fernandes, E.A. (2009) Neutron Activation Analysis: A Primary (Ratio) Method to Determine SI-Traceable Values of Element Content in Complex Samples. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, 63, 678-680.
https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2009.678
[41]  Wikipedia (2017) Western Cape.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Cape
[42]  Google Earth: Software Version 7.1.5.1557.
[43]  Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (2010) Air Quality Management Plan for the Western Cape Province. Technical Report, Provincial Government of the Western Cape.
[44]  uMoya-NILU Consulting (Pty) Ltd. (2013) Air Quality Management Plan for the Stellenbosch Municipality. Report No. uMN013-2013.
[45]  Willemse, L. (2008) The Extent and Impacts of Land Cover Change in the Franschhoek Valley. Unpublished Honours Project, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch.
[46]  Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (2013) State of Environment Outlook Report for the Western Cape Province: Air Quality Chapter for Public Comment. Technical Report, Western Cape Government.
[47]  Harmens, H. (2010) Heavy Metals in European Mosses: 2010 Survey Monitoring Manual. ICP Vegetation Coordination Centre (VCC).
[48]  Cocozza, C., Ravera, S., Cherubini, P., Lombardi, F., Marchetti, M. and Tognetti, R. (2016) Integrated Biomonitoring of Airborne Pollutants Over Space and Time Using Tree Rings, Bark, Leaves and Epiphytic Lichens. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 17, 177-191.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.04.008
[49]  Garty, J. (2001) Biomonitoring Atmospheric Heavy Metals with Lichens: Theory and Application. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 20, 309-371.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20013591099254
[50]  Purvis, O.W. and Pawlik-Skowrońska, B. (2008) Chapter 12 Lichens and Metals. In: Stratford, M., Avery, S.V. and Van West, P., Eds., Stress in Yeast and Filamentous Fungi, Volume 27 of British Mycological Society Symposia Series, Academic Press, Cambridge, 175-200.
[51]  Frontasyeva, M.V., Dmitriev, A.Y. and Pavlov, S.S. (2012) Automation of Reactor Neutron Activation Analysis. Contract No. 17363.
[52]  Davis, J.C. (1986) Statistic and Data Analysis in Geology. Wiley & Sons, New York.
[53]  Filzmoser, P., Garrettb, R.G. and Reimann, C. (2005) Multivariate Outlier Detection in Exploration Geochemistry. Computers & Geosciences, 31, 579-587.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.11.013
[54]  Reimann, C., Filzmoser, P. and Garrett, R.G. (2002) Factor Analysis Applied to Regional Geochemical Data: Problems and Possibilities. Applied Geochemistry, 17, 185-206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00066-X
[55]  Marinova, S., Yurukova, L., Frontasyeva, M.V., Steinnes, E., Strelkova, L.P., Marinov, A. and Karadzhinova, A.G. (2010) Air Pollution Studies in Bulgaria Using the Moss Biomonitoring Technique. Ecological Chemistry and Engineers, 17, 37-52.
[56]  Barandovski, L., Trajce, S., Šajn, R., Frontasyeva, M.V. and Baceva, K. (2013) Air Pollution Study in Macedonia Using Moss Biomonitoring Technique, ICP-AES and AAS. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 32, 89-107.
[57]  Barandovski, L., Frontasyeva, M.V., Stafilov, T., Šajn, R., Pavlov, S. and Enimiteva, V. (2012) Trends of Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements in Macedonia Studied by the Moss Biomonitoring Technique. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 47, 2000-2015.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2012.695267
[58]  Balabanova, B., Stafilov, T. and Baceva, K. (2015) Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation Characterization of Essential and Heavy Metals Contents in R. acetosa, S. oleracea and U. dioica from Copper Polluted and Referent Areas. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 1-22.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0159-1
[59]  Baceva, K., Stafilov, T. and Matevski, V. (2014) Distribution and Mobility of Toxic Metals in Thymus alsarensis Ronniger in Allchar As-Sb-Tl Mine, Republic of Macedonia. Plant Biosystems—An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 1-10.
[60]  Nguyen-Viet, H., Frontasyeva, M.V., Trinh Thi, T.M., Gilbert, D. and Bernard, N. (2010) Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in Northern Vietnam: Hanoi and Thainguyen Case Study Using the Moss Biomonitoring Technique, INAA and AAS. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 17, 1045-1052.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0258-6
[61]  Låg, J. and Steinnes, E. (1976) Regional Distribution of Halogens in Norwegian Forest Soils. Geoderma, 16, 317-325.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(76)90015-X
[62]  Frontasyeva, M.V. and Steinnes, E. (2004) Marine Gradients of Halogens in Moss Studies by Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 261, 101-106.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JRNC.0000030941.78117.77
[63]  Badia, A., Reeves, C.E., Baker, A.R., et al. (2017) Importance of Reactive Halogens in the Tropical Marine Atmosphere: A Regional Modelling Study Using WRF-Chem. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2017, 1-45.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-903
[64]  Harmens, H., Norris, D., Mills, G. and The Participants of the Moss Survey (2013) Heavy Metals and Nitrogen in Mosses: Spatial Patterns in 2010/2011 and Long-Term Temporal Trends in Europe. Technical Report, ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133