Developing
a model for soybean seed emergence offers a tool producers could use for
planting date options and in predicting seedling emergence. In this study,
temperature effects on soybean seed emergence were quantified, modeled, and
validated. The data for seed emergence model development was generated at
varying temperatures, 20°C/12°C, 25°C/17°C, 30°C/22°C, 35°C/27°C, and
40
References
[1]
Brandelero, E.M., Adami, P.F., Modolo, A.J., Baesso, M.M. and Fabian, A.J. (2015) Seeder Performance under Different Speeds and Its Relation to Soybean Cultivars Yield. Journal of Agronomy, 14, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2015.139.145
[2]
Dias, M.A.N., Pinto, T.L.F., Mondo, V.H.V., Cicero, S.M. and Pedrini, L.G. (2011) Direct Effects of Soybean Seed Vigor on Weed Competition. Journal of Seed Science, 33, 346-351.
[3]
Egli, D.B. (1993) Relationship of Uniformity of Soybean Seedling Emergence to Yield. Journal of Seed Technology, 17, 22-28. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23432764
[4]
Kolchinski, E.M., Schuch, L.O.B. and Peske, S.T. (2006) Early Growth of Soybean Plants in Relation to Seeds Vigor. Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 12, 163-166.
[5]
Kolchinski, E.M., Schuch, L.O.B. and Peske, S.T. (2005) Seeds Vigor and Intra-Specific Competition in Soybean. Ciência Rural, 35, 1248-1256. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782005000600004
[6]
Mondo, V.H.V., Dias, M.A.N., Cicero, S.M. (2015) Maize Seed Vigor and Its Effects on Crop Cultivation Cycle. Revista de Agricultura, 90, 168-178.
[7]
Schuch, L.O.B., Kolchinski, E.M. and Finatto, J.A. (2009) Seed Physiological Quality and Individual Plants Performance in Soybean. Journal of Seed Science, 31,144-149.
[8]
Vanzolini, S., Carvalho, N.M. (2002) Effects of Soybean Seed Vigor on Field Plant Performance. Journal of Seed Science, 24, 33-41.
[9]
Fehr, W.R., Caviness, C.E. Burmood, D.T. and Pennington, J.S. (1971) Stage of Development Descriptions for Soybeans, Glycine max (l.) Merrill. Crop Science, 111, 929-931. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100060051x
[10]
Edwards Jr., C.J. and Hartwig, E.E. (1971) Effect of Seed Size upon Rate of Germination in Soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 63, 449-450. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1971.00021962006300030024x
[11]
Hatfield, J.L. and Egli, D.B. (1974) Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Soybean Hypocotyl Elongation and Field Emergence. Crop Science, 14, 423-426. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1974.0011183X001400030025x
[12]
Hopper, N.W., Overholt, J.R. and Martin, J.R. (1979) Effect of Cultivar, Temperature and Seed Size on the Germination and Emergence of Soya Beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Annals of Botany, 44, 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085733
[13]
Benjamin, L.R. (1990) Variation in Time of Seedling Emergence within Populations: A Feature That Determines Individual Growth and Development. Advances in Agronomy, 44, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60816-0
[14]
Reddy, K.R., Brand, D., Wijewardana, C. and Gao, W. (2017) Temperature Effects on Cotton Seedling Emergence, Growth, and Development. Agronomy Journal, 109, 1379-1387. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0439
[15]
Wijewardana, C., Hock, M., Henry, B. and Reddy, K.R. (2015) Screening Corn Hybrids for Cold Tolerance Using Morphological Traits for Early-Season Seeding. Crop Science, 55, 851-867. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.07.0487
[16]
Castiel, S. (2010) Soybean Physiology: How Well Do You Know Soybeans? Purdue University. Soybean Station. http://www.soybeanstation.org
[17]
Wang, J.Y. (1960) A Critique of the Heat Unit Approach to Plant Response Studies. Ecology, 41, 785-790. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931815
[18]
Reddy, K.R., Hodges, H.F. and McKinion, J.M. (1993) A Temperature Model for Cotton Phenology. Biotronics, 22, 47-59.
[19]
Reddy, K.R., Hodges, H.F. and McKinion, J.M. (1997) Crop Modeling and Applications: A Cotton Example. Advances in Agronomy, 59, 225-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60056-5
[20]
McMaster, G.S. and Wilhelm, W.W. (1997) Growing Degree-Days: One Equation, Two Interpretations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87, 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0
[21]
Reddy, K.R., Hodges, H.F., Read, J.J., McKinion, J.M., Baker, J.T., Tarpley, L. and Reddy, V.R. (2001) Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) Facility: A Tool for Plant Research and Modeling. Biotronics, 30, 27-50.
[22]
Murray, F.W. (1967) On the Computation of Saturation Vapor Pressure. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 6, 203-204. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0203:OTCOSV>2.0.CO;2
[23]
McKinion, J.M. and Hodges, H.F. (1985) Automated System for Measurement of Evapotranspiration from Closed Environmental Growth Chambers. Transactions of the ASAE, 28, 1825-1828. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.32526
[24]
Hoagland, D.R. and Arnon, D.I. (1950) The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants without Soil. The College of Agriculture University of California, Berkeley.
[25]
SAS Institute (2011) SAS Guide to Macro Processing. Vol. 11, SAS Inst., Cary.
[26]
Loague, K. and Green, R.E. (1991) Statistical and Graphical Methods for Evaluating Solute Transport Models: Overview and Applications. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 7, 51-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(91)90038-3
[27]
Mitchell, P.L. and Sheehy, J.E. (1997) Comparison of Predictions and Observations to Assess Model Performance: A Method of Empirical Validation. In: Kropff, M.J., Teng, P.S., Aggarwal, P.K., Bouma, J., Bouman, B.A.M., Jones, K.W. and van Laar, H.H., Eds., Applications of Systems Approaches at the Field Level System to Cotton Crop Management, Volume 2, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0754-1_31
[28]
Reddy, K.R., Boone, M.L., Reddy, A.R., Hodges, H.E., Turner, S.B. and McKinion, J.M. (1995) Developing and Validating a Model for a Plant Growth Regulator. Agronomy Journal, 87, 1100-1105. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700060011x
[29]
Reddy, K.R. and Boone, M.L. (2002) Modeling and Validating Cotton Leaf Area Development and Stem Elongation. Acta Horticulturae, 593, 193-199. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.593.25
[30]
Battisti, R.A., Paulo, C., Sentelhas, A. and Boote, K.J. (2017) Inter-Comparison of Performance of Soybean Crop Simulation Models and Their Ensemble in Southern Brazil. Field Crops Research, 200, 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.004
[31]
Acock, B., Pachepsky, Y.A., Mironenko, E.V., Whisler, F.D. and Reddy, V.R. (1999) GUICS: A Generic User Interface for On-Farm Crop Simulations. Agronomy Journal, 91, 657-665. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1999.914657x
[32]
Heatherly, L. (2015) Temperature and Soybean Emergence. Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board (MSPB) Blog. https://mssoy.org/blog/temperature-and-soybean-emergence