Malignant cardiac tumors are rare and challenging entity. Experience in treating these aggressive and lethal tumors is minimal and management protocols are not well defined and have to rely on case reports, and personal experiences. Most effective therapy for primary cardiac malignancy is a complete surgical resection and the role of chemoradiotherapy is still evolving.
References
[1]
Chitwood, W.R. (1992) Clarence Crafoord and the First Successful Resection of a Cardiac Myxoma. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 54, 997-998.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(92)90676-U
[2]
Kumar, S., Chaudhry, M.A., Khan, I., et al. (2004) Metastatic Left Atrial Synovial Sarcoma Mimicking a Myxoma. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 128, 756-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.03.037
[3]
Simcha, W., Wells, B.G. and Tynan, M.J. (1971) Primary Cardiac Tumors in Childhood. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 508-514.
https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.46.248.508
[4]
Nadas, A.S. and Ellison, R.C. (1968) Cardiac Tumors in Infancy. Journal of Cardiology, 21, 363-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(68)90140-9
[5]
Reardon, M.J., De Felice, C.A., Sheinbaum, R. and Baldwin, J.C. (1999) Cardiac Autotransplant for Surgical Treatment of a Malignant Neoplasm. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 67, 1793-1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00343-4
[6]
Gunther, T., Schreiber, C., Noebauer, C., Eicken, A. and Lange, R. (2008) Treatment Strategies for Pediatric Patients with Primary Cardiac and Pericardial Tumors: A 30-Year Review. Pediatric Cardiology, 29, 1071-1076.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-008-9256-6
[7]
Burke, A. (2008) Primary Malignant Cardiac Tumors. Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 25, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2007.10.006
[8]
Donsbeck, A.V., Ranchere, D., Coindre, J.M., et al. (1999) Primary Cardiac Sarcomas: An Immunohistochemical and Grading Study with Longterm Follow-Up of 24 Cases. Histopathology, 34, 295-304.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00636.x
[9]
Molina, J.E., Edwards, J.E. and Ward, H.B. (1990) Primary Cardiac Tumors: Experience at the University of Minnesota. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 38, 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1014064
[10]
Burke, A., Jeudy Jr., J. and Virmani, R. (2008) Cardiac Tumours: An Update: Cardiac Tumours. Heart, 94, 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2005.078576
[11]
Bois, M.C., Bois, J.P., Anavekar, N.S., et al. (2014) Benign Lipomatous Masses of the Heart: A Comprehensive Series of 47 Cases with Cytogenetic Evaluation. Human Pathology, 45, 1859-1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2014.05.003
[12]
Jeudy, J., Kirsch, J., Tavora, F., et al. (2012) From the Radiologic Pathology Archives: Cardiac Lymphoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics, 32, 1369-1380. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.325115126
[13]
Gulati, G., Sharma, S., Kothari, S.S., Juneja, R., Saxena, A. and Talwar, K.K. (2004) Comparison of Echo and MRI in the Imaging Evaluation of Intracardiac Masses. Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, 27, 459-469.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-004-0123-4
[14]
Kaya, H., Gokdeniz, T., Tuncer, A. and Ozkan, M. (2010) Left Atrial Myxoma Demonstrated by Real-Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi, 38, 222.
[15]
O’Donnell, D.H., Abbara, S., Chaithiraphan, V., et al. (2009) Cardiac Tumors: Optimal Cardiac MR Sequences and Spectrum of Imaging Appearances. American Journal of Roentgenology, 193, 377-387. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.08.1895
[16]
Kim, E.Y., Choe, Y.H., Sung, K., Park, S.W., Kim, J.H. and Ko, Y.H. (2009) Multidetector CT and MR Imaging of Cardiac Tumors. Korean Journal of Radiology, 10, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2009.10.2.164
[17]
Rahbar, K., Seifarth, H., Schafers, M., et al. (2012) Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Cardiac Tumors Using 18F-FDG PET/CT. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 53, 856-863. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.095364
[18]
Hoffmeier, A., Schmid, C., Deiters, S., et al. (2005) Neoplastic Heart Disease—The Muenster Experience with 108 Patients. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 53, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-830389
[19]
Hoffmeier, A., Deiters, S., Schmidt, C., et al. (2004) Radical Resection of Cardiac Sarcoma. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 52, 77-81.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817809
[20]
Baker, P.B. and Goodwin, R.A. (1985) Pulmonary Artery Sarcomas. A Review and Report of a Case. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 109, 35-39.
[21]
Ramlawi, B., Al-Jabbari, O., Blau, L.N., et al. (2014) Autotransplantation for the Resection of Complex Left Heart Tumors. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 98, 863-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.125
[22]
Ried, M., Rupprecht, L., Hirt, S., et al. (2010) Sequential Therapy of Primary Cardiac Lymphoma with Cardiectomy, Total Artificial Heart Support, and Cardiac Transplantation. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 29, 707-709.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2010.01.014
[23]
überfuhr, P., Meiser, B., Fuchs, A., et al. (2002) Heart Transplantation: An Approach to Treating Primary Cardiac Sarcoma? The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 21, 1135-1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-2498(02)00409-6
[24]
Llombart-Cussac, A., Pivot, X., Contesso, G., Rhor-Alvarado, A., Delord, J.P., Spielmann, M., et al. (1998) Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Primary Cardiac Sarcomas: The IGR Experience. British Journal of Cancer, 78, 1624-1628.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1998.733
[25]
Simpson, L., Kumar, S.K., Okuno, S.H., et al. (2008) Malignant Primary Cardiac Tumors: Review of a Single Institution Experience. Cancer, 112, 2440-2446.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23459
[26]
Putnam, J.B., Sweeney, M.S., Colon, R., Lanza, L.A., Frazier, O.H. and Cooley, D.A. (1991) Primary Cardiac Sarcomas. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 51, 906-910.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(91)91003-E
