Intervention Effects on the Willingness to Stop Smoking and Social Nicotine Dependence Based on Single-Session Group Therapy with Frequent Use of Role Play Targeting Smokers with Mental Disorders
Objective: We devised a “Smoking-Cessation Motivation Program” as a community welfare service aimed at making short-term improvements in social nicotine dependence and enhancing the willingness to stop smoking among people with mental disorders. Method: The study conducted a controlled trial to empirically examine the effects of the program on the willingness to stop smoking and social nicotine dependence among 26 smokers with mental disorders in the intervention group, who were compared with a control group of 16 individuals. Results: Results demonstrated the program’s effectiveness in reducing social nicotine dependence, and a variance analysis with age as the covariate evidenced a mutual interaction between social nicotine dependence and the willingness to stop smoking, confidence to stop smoking, and resisting the temptation to smoke. Conclusion: Future studies should examine longer-term program results, the impact of program duration, and other factors that influence the program’s effectiveness.
References
[1]
Lasser, K., Boyd, J, Woolhandler, S., Himmelstein, D.U., McCormick, D. and Bor, D.H. (2000) Smoking and Mental Illness: A Population-Based Prevalence Study. JAMA, 284, 2606-2610. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.20.2606
[2]
McCreadie, R.G. and Scottish Schizophrenia Lifestyle Group (2003) Diet, Smoking and Cardiovascular Risk in People with Schizophrenia: Descriptive Study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 534-539. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.6.534
[3]
Loreto, A.R., Carvalho, C.F.C., Frallonardo, F.P., Ismael, F., Andrade, A.G. and Castaldelli-Maia, J.M. (2017) Smoking Cessation Treatment for Patients with Mental Disorders Using CBT and Combined Pharmacotherapy. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 13, 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2017.1328149
[4]
Christiansen, B.A., Carbin, J., TerBeek, E. and Fiore, M.C. (2018) Helping Smokers with Severe Mental Illness Who Do Not Want to Quit. Substance Use & Misuse, 53, 949-962. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1385635
[5]
Baker, A., Richmond, R., Haile, M., Lewin, T.J., Carr, V.J., Taylor, R.L., et al. (2006) A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Smoking Cessation Intervention among People with a Psychotic Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1934-1942. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1934
[6]
Corrigan, P.W., Liberman, R.P. and Engel, J.D. (1990) From Noncompliance to Collaboration in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 41, 1203-1211. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.41.11.1203
[7]
American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition, American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.
[8]
Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel (2008) Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville.
[9]
Yoshii, C., Kano, M., Isomura, T., Kunitomo, F., Aizawa, M., Harada, H., et al. (2006) Innovative Questionnaire Examining Psychological Nicotine Dependence, “The Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND)”. Journal of UOEH, 28, 45-55. https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.28.45
[10]
Prochaska, J.O. and DiClemente, C.C. (1983) Stages and Processes of Self-Change of Smoking: Toward an Integrative Model of Change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390-395. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.3.390
[11]
Fagerstrom, K. (2012) Determinants of Tobacco Use and Renaming the FTND to the Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14, 75-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntr137
[12]
Kawakami, N., Takatsuka, N., Inaba, S. and Shimizu, H. (1999) Development of a Screening Questionnaire for Tobacco/Nicotine Dependence According to ICD-10, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV. Addictive Behaviors, 24, 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00127-0
[13]
Prochaska, J.O. and Velicer, W.F. (1997) The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38
[14]
Strasser, K., Moeller-Saxone, K., Meadows, G., Hocking, B., Stanton, J. and Kee, P. (2002) Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia. General Practice Guidelines. Australian Family Physician, 31, 21-24.
