Rapid adoption of ride-hailing apps (RHAs) has greatly influenced the way people travel—there is no exception for paratransit users. However, it remains unclear whether RHAs would be regarded as threats or opportunities among paratransit operators in Asian developing cities. While RHAs have been viewed as disruptive transportation, several studies explored the threats of RHAs on taxi industry—but only a few examined such threats on other paratransit services (e.g., auto-rickshaws). This study assessed the changes in the operational services among paratransit operators who have adopted RHAs. The changes were examined by statistical comparisons using data collected from questionnaire survey with 182 Bajaj drivers in Phnom Penh, January 23-27, 2018, as a case study. Results showed that majority of the interviewed drivers started new services with RHAs less than a year ago—they were younger (<40 years old), married, and higher education. After adopting RHAs, the drivers could increase their revenue by increasing the number of trips and customers. They could further achieve a higher revenue by operating with multiple RHAs. Most drivers (>88%) satisfied with RHAs and acknowledged improvements on their operational services. The results suggested that RHAs would be opportunities for those paratransit drivers who have adopted them, while they would be threats for those who have not. The collected data serve as useful inputs for future public transport planning in Asian developing cities.
References
[1]
Clewlow, R.R. and Mishra, G.S. (2017) Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis.
[2]
He, F., Wang, X., Lin, X. and Tang, X. (2018) Pricing and Penalty/Compensation Strategies of a Taxi-Hailing Platform. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 86, 263-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2017.11.003
[3]
Adriano, A.M.M. and Su, C.C.S. (2017) Out with the Old, in With the New: A Study on the Vehicle Hailing Preferences of Filipino Taxi Riders Based on Participation Intent. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 11, 75-81.
[4]
He, F. and Shen, Z.-J. (2015) Modeling Taxi Services with Smartphone-Based E-Hailing Applications. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 58, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.06.023
[5]
Schmitz, C., Bartsch, S. and Meyer, A. (2016) Mobile App Usage and Its Implications for Service Management—Empirical Findings from German Public Transport. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 230-237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.492
[6]
Masui, R. and Yai, T. (2018) A Study on LAMAT with New Technology and Its Future Prospects in Asian Cities. Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 74. (In Japanese)
[7]
Wang, X., He, F., Yan, H. and Gao, H.O. (2016) Pricing Strategies for a Taxi-Hailing Platform. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 93, 212-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.05.011
[8]
Phun, V.K. and Yai. T. (2016) State of the Art of Paratransit Literatures in Asian Developing Countries. Asian Transport Studies, 4, 57-77.
[9]
Tan, F.T.C., Tan, B., Lu, A. and Land, L. (2017) Delivering Disruption in an Emergent Access Economy: A Case Study of an E-Hailing Platform. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 41, 497-516.
https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04122
[10]
Sun, Z., Yu, M., Zeng, J., Wang, H. and Tian, Y. (2017) Assessment of the Impacts of App-Based Ride Service on Taxi Industry: Evidence from Yiwu City in China. Compendium of Papers of Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, 8-12 January 2017, 1-12.
[11]
Phun, V.K., Kato, H. and Chalermpong, S. (2018) Paratransit as a Connective Mode for Mass Transit Systems in Asian Developing Cities: The Bangkok Case.
[12]
Ratanawaraha, A. and Chalermpong, S. (2015) Monopoly Rents in Motorcycle Taxi Services in Bangkok, Thailand. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2512, 66-72. https://doi.org/10.3141/2512-08
[13]
Harding, S., Kandlikar, M. and Gulati, S. (2016) Taxi Apps, Regulation, and the Market for Taxi Journeys. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 88, 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.03.009
[14]
Sadowsky, N. and Nelson, E. (2017) The Impact of Ride-Hailing Services on Public Transportation Use: A Discontinuity Regression Analysis. Vol. 13, Economics Department Working Paper Series, 1-26.
[15]
Lim, K.B., Yeo, S.F., Goh, M.L. and Gan, J.A.X. (2018) A Study on Consumer Adoption of Ride-Hailing Apps in Malaysia. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10, 1132-1142.
[16]
Pham, A., et al. (2017) Private Ride: A Privacy-Enhanced Ride-Hailing Service. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Minneapolis, 18-21 July 2017, 1-17.
[17]
Wollenberg, A. and Waty, L. (2017) Perceived Value and Transportation References: A Study of the Ride-Hailing Transportation Sector in Jakarta. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 5, 138-142.
https://doi.org/10.18178/joebm.2017.5.3.501
[18]
JICA-PPUTMP (2014) Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan in Phnom Penh Capital City (PPUTMP). Japan International Cooperation Agency.
[19]
Phun, V.K., Kato, H. and Yai, T. (2018) Traffic Risk Perception and Behavioral Intentions of Paratransit Users in Phnom Penh. Transportation Research Part F, 55, 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.008
[20]
Phun, V.K., Pheng, P. and Yai, T. (2015) Using Ordered Probit Modeling to Assess Perceived Bus Performance in Phnom Penh. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 11, 1155-1172.
[21]
Rahman, M.S.U. and Nahrin, K. (2012) Bus Services in Dhaka City—Users’ Experiences and Opinions. Journal Bangladesh Institute of Planners, 5, 93-105.
[22]
Phun, V.K., Kato, H. and Yai, T. (2017) Characteristics and Perceptions of Paratransit Users in Phnom Penh. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 12, 2215-2232.
[23]
Phun, V.K., Lim, I. and Yai, T. (2015) The Characteristics of Paratransit Operation and Fare in Phnom Penh. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 11, 1307-1327.
[24]
Phun, V.K., Masui, R. and Yai, T. (2015) The Future Prospects of Paratransit Services in Cambodia. Proceedings of the 7th Regional Symposium on Infrastructure Development, Bangkok, 5-7 November 2015, 221-226.
