Thermal Decomposition of Printed Circuit Board in the Presence of Zinc Oxide under Inert and Oxidative Atmosphere: Emission Behavior of Inorganic Brominated Compounds
Thermal degradation of a FR-4 type printed circuit board, PCB, containing brominated flame retardant has been studied both in inert and oxidative atmosphere for the emission control of harmful brominated compounds. The presence of oxygen in atmosphere resulted in the reduction of the yield of hydrogen bromide, one of the major brominated compounds in thermal treatment, and in the enhancement of the formation of bromine and hypobromous acid. The intentional addition of zinc oxide to the PCB powder sample gave rise to the fixation of Br as zinc bromide. It also resulted in the promotion of the release of brominated compounds in comparison to the case of pure PCB. Thus, the addition of the oxide can be a benefit with respect to the bromine fixation and the kinetics of thermal treatment of PCB as well as metal recovery.
References
[1]
Yumoto, T. and Shiratori, T. (2009) Study on Recycling of Metals in WEEE—Investigation of Making an Inventory of Metal Contents. Journal of MMIJ, 125, 75-80. (In Japanese) https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.125.75
[2]
Flame Retardant Chemicals Association of Japan (2018). http://www.frcj.jp/
[3]
Masuda, Y., Uda, T., Terakado, O. and Hirasawa, M. (2006) Pyrolysis Study of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-Metal Oxide Mixtures: Quantitative Product Analysis and the Chlorine Fixing Ability of Metal Oxides. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 77, 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.03.001
[4]
Terakado, O., Ohhashi, R. and Hirasawa, M. (2011) Thermal Degradation Study of Tetrabromobisphenol A under the Presence Metal Oxide: Comparison of Bromine Fixation Ability. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 91, 303-309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2011.03.006
[5]
Terakado, O., Ohhashi, R. and Hirasawa, M. (2013) Bromine Fixation by Metal Oxide in Pyrolysis of Printed Circuit Board Containing Brominated Flame Retardant. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 103, 216-221.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.10.022
[6]
Grabda, M., Oleszek-Kudlak, S., Shibata, E. and Nakamura, T. (2011) Vaporisation of Zinc during Thermal Treatment of ZnO with Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 187, 473-479.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.060
[7]
Grabda, M., Oleszek, S., Shibata, E. and Nakamura, T. (2014) Study on Simultaneous Recycling of EAF Dust and Plastic Waste Containing TBBPA. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 278, 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.084
[8]
Kuzuhara, S. and Sano, A. (2018) Bromination of Pd Compounds during Thermal Decomposition of Tetrabromobisphenol A. Engineering, 10, 187-201.
https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2018.104013
[9]
Japanese Industrial Standards, JIS K 7392 (2009) Waste Plastics-Test Method for Total Bromine Contents.
[10]
Haag, W.R. (1981) On the Disappearance of Chlorine in Sea-Water. Water Research, 15, 937-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(81)90151-2
[11]
Camino, G., Costa, L. and Luda di Cortemiglia, M.P. (1991) Overview of Fire Retardant Mechanisms. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 33, 131-154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(91)90014-I
[12]
Oleszek, S., Grabda, M., Shibata, E. and Nakamura, T. (2012) TG and TG-MS Methods for Studies of the Reaction between Metal Oxide and Brominated Flame Retardant in Various Atmospheres. Thermochimica Acta, 527, 13-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.09.014
[13]
Marsanich, K., Zanelli, S., Barontini, F. and Cozzani, V. (2004) Evaporation and Thermal Degradation of Tetrabromobisphenol A above the Melting Point. Thermochimica Acta, 421, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2004.03.013
[14]
Jin, Y.-Q., Tao, L., Chi, Y. and Yan, J.-H. (2011) Conversion of Bromine during Thermal Decomposition of Printed Circuit Boards at High Temperature. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186, 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.050
