Background: Lack of serum vitamin D3 is related to PD (Parkinson’s disease).
Currently a valid place for vitamin D3 deficiency in Parkinson disease (PD)
has been anticipated. The aim of present research was to evaluate insufficiency
of D3 (vitamin) in subjects with PD (Parkinson’s disease). Many of physiological
functions connected with higher risk of illness are maintained by vitamin
D, which also plays significant task in pathogenesis of calcium homeostasis
and skeletal ailments. It forecasts hazard of persistent ailments like malignancy,
CVS conditions, and T2DM. Continuous insufficiency of this vitamin
may lead to PD. Method: This was a cross sectional study. Conducted at
People’s Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah during period of Jan.
2014-Dec. 2016, the sample size of 243 subjects clinically diagnosed as PD
was enlisted. Inclusion criteria were all male and female subjects aged >50
years, clinically diagnosed Parkinson’s disease enlisted in research. Results:
In 151 (62.1%) subjects, vitamin D3 levels were <30 ng/ml while in 92
(37.9%) subjects, vitamin D3 values were normal (30 - 150 ng/ml) (p =
0.000). Conclusion: Considerably low levels of vitamin D3 were seen in
Parkinson’s disease. Our information sustains a legitimate part of vitamin D
insufficiency in PD.
References
[1]
Holick, M.F. (2006) High Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy and Implications for Health. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 81, 353-373. https://doi.org/10.4065/81.3.353
[2]
Von Campenhausen, S., Bornschein, B., Wick, R., B?tzel, K., et al. (2005) Prevalence and Incidence of Parkinson’s Disease in Europe. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, 473-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.007
[3]
Grant, W.B. (2006) Epidemiology of Disease Risks in Relation to Vitamin D Insufficiency. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 92, 65-79.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.013
[4]
Kilkkinen, A., Knekt, P., Heliovaara, M., et al. (2008) Vitamin D Status and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Cohort Study in Finland. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 17, 3274-3278. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0199
[5]
Giovannucci, E., Liu, Y., Hollis, B.W. and Rimm, E.B. (2008) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men: A Prospective Study. Arch Intern Med, 168, 1174-1180. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.11.1174
[6]
Knekt, P., Laaksonen, M., Mattila, C., et al. (2008) Serum Vitamin D and Subsequent Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes. Epidemiology, 19, 666-671.
https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e318176b8ad
[7]
Newmark, H.L. and Newmark, J. (2007) Vitamin D and Parkinson’s Disease—A Hypothesis. Movement Disorders, 22, 461-468. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21317
[8]
Evatt, M.L., Delong, M.R., Khazai, N., et al. (2008) Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Patients with Parkinson Disease and Alzheimer Disease. Arch Neurol, 65, 1348-1352. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.65.10.1348
[9]
Sato, Y., Honda, Y., Iwamoto, J., et al. (2005) Abnormal Bone and Calcium Metabolism in Immobilized Parkinson’s Disease Patients. Movement Disorders, 20, 1598-1603.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20658
[10]
Sato, Y., Kikuyama, M. and Oizumi, K. (1997) High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Reduced Bone Mass in Parkinson’s Disease. Neurology, 49, 1273-1278.
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.49.5.1273
[11]
Hongliu, D., Kaltra, D., Kaitlin, C., et al. (2013) Unrecognized Vitamin D3 Deficiency Is Common in Parkinson Disease: Harvard Biomarker Study. American Academy of Neurology, 81, 1531-1537.
[12]
Eriksen, E.F. and Glerup, H. (2002) Vitamin D Deficiency and Aging: Implications for General Health and Osteoporosis. Biogerontology, 3, 73-77.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015263514765
[13]
Holick, M.F. (2007) Vitamin D deficiency. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 266-281.
[14]
Schoenmakers, I., Goldberg, G.R. and Prentice, A. (2008) Abundant Sunshine and Vitamin D Deficiency. The British Journal of Nutrition, 99, 1171-1173.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508898662
[15]
Grant, W.B. and Holick, M.F. (2005) Benefits and Requirements of Vitamin D for Optimal Health: A Review. Alternative Medicine Review, 10, 94-111.
[16]
Brown, J.E., Isaacs, J., et al. (2013) Nutrition through the Life Cycle. Cengage Learning, Boston, MA. http://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s
[17]
Hughes, A.J., Daniel, S.E., Kilford, L. and Lees, A.J. (1992) Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis of Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: A Clinico-Pathological Study of 100 Cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 55, 181-184.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181
[18]
Shen, L. and Ji, H.F. (2015) Associations between Vitamin D Status, Supplementation, Outdoor Work and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Assessment. Nutrients, 7, 4817-4827. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064817
[19]
Evatt, M.L., DeLong, M.R., Kumari, M., et al. (2011) High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D Status in Patients with Early Parkinson Disease. Archives of Neurology, 68, 314-319. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.30
[20]
Moghaddasi, M., Mamarabadi, M. and Aghaii, M. (2013) Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentration in Iranian Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Iranian Journal of Neurology, 12, 56-59.
[21]
Lv, Z., Qi, H., Wang, L., et al. (2014) Vitamin D Status and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurological Sciences, 35, 1723-1730.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1821-6
[22]
Jennifer, S.B., Tammy, M.S., Bess, D.H., et al. (2009) The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Vitamin D Is Associated with Cognitive Function in Elders Receiving Home Health Services. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 64, 888-895.
[23]
Knekt, P., Kilkkinen, A., Rissanen, H., et al. (2010) Serum Vitamin D and the Risk of Parkinson Disease. Archives of Neurology, 67, 808-811.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.120
[24]
Fullard, M.E., Xie, S.X., Marek, K., et al. (2017) Vitamin D in the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome (PARS) Study. Movement Disorders, 32, 1636-1640.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27127
[25]
Rimmelzwaan, L.M., van Schoor, N.M., Lips, P., et al. (2016) Systematic Review of the Relationship between Vitamin D and Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 6, 29-37. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-150615
[26]
Ding, H., Dhima, K., Lockhart, K., et al. (2013) Unrecognized Vitamin D3 Deficiency Is Common in Parkinson Disease: Harvard Biomarker Study. Neurology, 81, 1531-1537. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a95818
[27]
Garcion, E., Wion-Barbot, N., Montero-Menei, C.N., et al. (2002) New Clues about Vitamin D Functions in the Nervous System. Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism, 13, 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00547-1
[28]
Naveilhan, P., Neveu, I., Wion, D. and Brachet, P. (1996) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, an Inducer of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Neuroreport, 7, 2171-2175. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199609020-00023
[29]
Musiol, I.M. and Feldman, D. (1997) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induction of Nerve Growth Factor in L929 Mouse Fibroblasts: Effect of Vitamin D Receptor Regulation and Potency of Vitamin D3 Analogs. Endocrinology, 138, 12-18.
https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.138.1.4858
[30]
Neveu, I., Naveilhan, P., Baudet, C., Brachet, P. and Metsis, M. (1994) 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Regulates NT-3, NT-4 but Not BDNF mRNA in Astrocytes. Neuroreport, 6, 124-126. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199412300-00032
[31]
Peterson, A.L., Mancini, M. and Horak, F.B. (2013) The Relationship between Balance Control and Vitamin D in Parkinson’s Disease—A Pilot Study. Movement Disorders, 28, 1133-1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25405
[32]
Suzuki, M., Yoshioka, M., Hashimoto, M., et al. (2013) Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation in Parkinson Disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97, 1004-1013.
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.051664
[33]
Miyake, Y., Tanaka, K., Fukushima, W., et al. (2011) Lack of Association of Dairy Food, Calcium, and Vitamin D Intake with the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Case Control study in Japan. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 17, 112-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.018
[34]
Juan, W., Deyu, Y., Yu, Y., et al. (2016) Vitamin D and Sunlight Exposure in Newly-Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease. Nutrients, 8, 142.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030142
[35]
Yoon, J.H., Park, D.K., Yong, S.W. and Hong, J.M. (2015) Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship with Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Early Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna), 122, 1685-1691.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-015-1452-y
[36]
Rejnmark, L., J?rgensen, M.E., Pedersen, M.B., et al. (2004) Vitamin D Insufficiency in Greenlanders on a Westernized Fare: Ethnic Differences in Calcitropic Hormones between Greenlanders and Danes. Calcified Tissue International, 74, 255-263.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-003-0110-9
[37]
Gozdzik, A., Barta, J.L., Wu, H., et al. (2008) Low Wintertime Vitamin D Levels in a Sample of Healthy Young Adults of Diverse Ancestry Living in the Toronto Area: Associations with Vitamin D Intake and Skin Pigmentation. BMC Public Health, 8, 336. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-336
[38]
Abnet, C.C., Chen, W., Dawsey, S.M., et al. (2007) Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D Concentration and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 16, 1889-1893.
https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0461
[39]
Rajasree, S., Rajpal, K., Kartha, C.C., et al. (2001) Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels Are Elevated in South Indian Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. European Journal of Epidemiology, 17, 567-571.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014559600042
[40]
Sinotte, M., Diorio, C., Bérubé, S., Pollak, M. and Brisson, J. (2009) Genetic Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Binding Protein and Plasma Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Premenopausal Women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, 634-640. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26445
[41]
Labuda, M., Labuda, D., Korab-Laskowska, M., et al. (1996) Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis in Young Populations: Pseudo-Vitamin D-Deficiency Rickets and the Founder Effect in French Canadians. American Journal of Human Genetics, 59, 633-643.
[42]
Hsu, J.J., Tintut, Y. and Demer, L.L. (2008) Vitamin D and Osteogenic Differentiation in the Artery Wall. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 3, 1542-1547. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.01220308
[43]
Tuohimaa, P. (2009) Vitamin D and Aging. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 114, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.12.020
[44]
Harinarayan, C.V., et al. (2009) Vitamin D Status in India—Its Implications and Remedial Measures. A Review of over 50 Studies of 25(OH)D. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 57, 40-48. http://www.japi.org/jan_2009/R-1.html
[45]
Akhtar, S. (2016) Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency-Perspectives from Pakistan. MINI REVIEW. Department of Food Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29, 1325-1330.
[46]
Akhtar, S. (2016) Vitamin D Status of South Asian Populations—Risks and Opportunities. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56, 1925-1940.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.807419
[47]
Anjum, P., Safder, N., Khalid, M. and Mehboob, I. (2013) Vitamin D Deficiency in Pakistani Population. Journal of Pakistan Orthopaedic Association, 25, 18-19.
[48]
Mansoor, S., Habib, A., Ghani, F., et al. (2010) Prevalence and Significance of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Apparently Healthy Adults. Clinical Biochemistry, 43, 1431-1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.09.022
[49]
Sheikh, A., Saeed, Z., Jafri, S.A.D., et al. (2012) Vitamin D Levels in Asymptomatic Adults—A Population Survey in Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 7, e33452.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033452
[50]
Bjelakovic, G., Gluud, L.L., Nikolova, D., et al. (2014) Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Mortality in Adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Systematic Review), 1, CD007470.
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007470.pub3
[51]
Bolland, M.J., Grey, A., Gamble, G.D. and Reid, I.R. (2014) The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Skeletal, Vascular, or Cancer Outcomes: A Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (Meta-Analysis), 2, 307-320.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70212-2
[52]
Ross, A.C., Taylor, C.L., Yaktine, A.L. and Del Valle, H.B. (2011) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.