Aim of this article is to examine parameters and types of Machiavellian behavior
among students in selected departments. Social network analysis, bivariate
analysis and principal component analysis have been implemented. A
total sample of 27 students of Business Administration dept. (Thessaly University
of Applied Sciences), 63 students of Veterinary dept. and 57 students
of Physical Education dept. (University of Thessaly) has been analyzed. Selected
results: Male students tend to regard more students as Machiavellians.
Female students seem to be more willing to harm others. Male ones are more
willing to exploit weaknesses. Tall or heavy students are regarded as quite
Machiavellians. Students of urban origin or rich enough seem to adopt a relatively
innocent view. Using internet is regarded as an evidence of Machiavellianism.
To select friends by appreciating their knowledge capacity is considered
to be unrelated to Machiavellianism. Two types of students who are
targeted for Machiavellian practices are demarcated: a) “full target” and b)
“beneficial target”. Two types of Machiavellian students appear: a) “full Machiavellian”
and b) “ruthless”. A mixed typology of victims and Machiavellians
reveals: a) a “targeting and targeted” type, b) a “full target”, c) a “beneficial
target” and d) a “ruthless”. In general, the Machiavellianism seems to be
either a generalized strategy or a quite specific one.
References
[1]
Bekiari, A., Digelidis, N. and Sakellariou, K. (2006) Perceived Verbal Aggressiveness of Coaches in Volleyball and Basketball: A Preliminary Study. Psychological Reports, 103, 526-530. http://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.103.2.526-530
[2]
Bekiari, A., Kokaridas, D. and Sakellariou, K. (2005) Verbal Aggressiveness of Physical Education Teachers and Students’ Self-Reports of Behaviour. Psychological Reports, 96, 493-498. http://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.493-498
[3]
Bekiari, A., Kokaridas, D. and Sakellariou, K. (2006) Associations of Students’ Self-Reports of Their Teacher’s Verbal Aggression, Intrinsic Motivation, and Perceptions of Reasons for Discipline in Greek Physical Education Classes. Psychological Reports, 98, 451-461. http://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.98.2.451-461
[4]
Bekiari, A., Patsiaouras, A., Kokaridas, D. and Sakellariou, K. (2006) Verbal Aggressiveness and State Anxiety of Volleyball Players and Coaches. Psychological Reports, 99, 630-634. http://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.99.2.630-634
[5]
Bekiari, A. and Sakellariou, K. (2003) Perceived Instructor Verbal Aggressiveness and Student State Learning in Physical Education. Italian Journal of Sport Sciences, 1, 251-256.
[6]
Deliligka, S., Bekiari, A. and Syrmpas, I. (2017) Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness in Physical Education: Perceptions of Teachers and Students in Qualitative and Quantitative Exploration. Psychology, 8, 1693-1717.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.811112
[7]
Hassandra, M., Bekiari, A. and Sakellariou, K. (2007) Physical Education Teacher’s Verbal Aggression and Student’s Fair Play Behaviors. The Physical Educator, 64, 94-101.
[8]
Bekiari, A. (2012) Perceptions of Instructors’ Verbal Aggressiveness and Physical Education Students’ Affective Learning. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115, 325-335.
http://doi.org/10.2466/06.11.16.PMS.115.4.325-335
[9]
Bekiari, A. (2014) Verbal Aggressiveness and Leadership Style of Sports Instructors and their Relationship with Athletes’ Intrinsic Motivation. Creative Education, 5, 114-121. http://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.52018
[10]
Bekiari, A., Koustelios, A. and Sakellariou, K. (2000) Instructors’ Verbal Aggressiveness from Universities in Greece. Studi e Ricerche, 5, 225-232.
[11]
Bekiari, A. and Manoli, P. (2016) EFL Teacher Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness and Student Socio-Affective Strategy Use and Affective Learning: Exploring Possible Associations. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 5, 154-171.
[12]
Bekiari, A. and Pylarinou, M. (2017) Instructor Argumentativeness and Socio-Communicative Style and Student Discipline: Using Physical Education Students’ Class as an Illustration. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 122-136.
http://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.53011
[13]
Bekiari, A. and Syrmpas, I. (2015) Coaches’ Verbal Aggressiveness and Motivational Climate as Predictors of Athletes’ Satisfaction. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 9, 318-329. http://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/17757
[14]
Manoli, P. and Bekiari, A. (2015) EFL Teachers’ Verbal Aggressiveness and Students’ Intrinsic Motivation and Social-Affective Strategy Use: Investigating Possible Relations. Advances in Research, 5, 1-13. http://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2015/19692
[15]
Syrmpas, I. and Bekiari, A. (2015) The Relationship between Perceived Physical Education Teacher’s Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness with Students’ Interpersonal Attraction. Inquiries in Sport & Physical Education, 13, 21-32.
[16]
Bekiari, A. and Hasanagas, N. (2016) Sociological Insights in the Education System: “Unlocking” the Power Relations. Afoi Kyriakidi Editions S.A., Thessaloniki.
[17]
Bekiari, A. and Hasanagas, N. (2016) “Educating” in Physical Education. Theoretical Approaches and Practical Inquiries. Afoi Kyriakidi Editions S.A., Thessaloniki.
[18]
Bekiari, A. and Hasanagas, N. (2016) Suggesting Indicators of Superficiality and Purity in Verbal Aggressiveness. An Application in Adult Education Class Networks of Prisoners. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 279-292.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.43035
[19]
Bekiari, A. and Pachi, V. (2017) Insights into Bullying and Verbal Aggressiveness through Social Network Analysis. Journal of Computer and Communications, 5, 79-101. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.59006
[20]
Galie, P.J. and Bopst, C. (2006) Machiavelli and Modern Business: Realist Thought in Contemporary Corporate Leadership Manuals. Journal of Business Ethics, 65, 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-5352-1
[21]
Wilson, D.S., Near, D. and Miller, R.R. (1996) Machiavellianism: A Synthesis of the Evolutionary and Psychological Literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285-299.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.285
[22]
Dahling, J.J., Whitaker, B.G. and Levy, P.E. (2009) The Development and Validation of a New Machiavellianism Scale. Journal of Management, 35, 219-257.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308318618
[23]
Hren, D., Vujaklija, A., Ivani?evi?, R., Kne?evi?, J., Maru?i?, M. and Maru?i?, A. (2006) Students’ Moral Reasoning, Machiavellianism and Socially Desirable Responding: Implications for Teaching Ethics and Research Integrity. Medical Education, 40, 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02391.x
[24]
Tang, T.L.P. and Chen, Y.J. (2007) Intelligence vs. Wisdom: The Love of Money, Machiavellianism and Unethical Behavior across College Major and Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9559-1
[25]
Thummel, G.B. (1975) The Machiavellian Tendencies of Business School Students as Related to Those of Liberal Arts Students. Master Thesis, University of Arizona, Arizona. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554847
[26]
Andreou, E. (2004) Bully/Victim Problems and Their Association with Machiavellianism and Self-Efficacy in Greek Primary School Children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 297-309. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709904773839897
[27]
Teven, J.J. (2007) Teacher Machiavellianism and Social Influence in the College Classroom: Implications for Measurement. Communication Research Reports, 24, 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090701624247
[28]
Hasanagas, N., Bekiari, A. and Vasilos, P. (2017) Friendliness to Animals and Verbal Aggressiveness to People: Using Prison Inmates Education Networks as an Illustration. Social Networking, 6, 224-238. https://doi.org/10.4236/sn.2017.63015
[29]
Theoharis, D., Bekiari, A. and Koustelios, A. (2017) Exploration of Determinants of Verbal Aggressiveness and Leadership through Network Analysis and Conventional Statistics. Using School Class as an Illustration. Sociology Mind, 7, 27-43.
https://doi.org/10.4236/sm.2017.72003
[30]
Bekiari, A. and Hasanagas, N. (2015) Verbal Aggressiveness Exploration through Complete Social Network Analysis: Using Physical Education Students’ Class as an Illustration. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 3, 30-49.
https://doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v3i3.729
[31]
Theoharis, D. and Bekiari, A. (2016a) The Influence of Mathematics and Learning Environment in Verbal Aggressiveness and Interpersonal Relations: A Dynamic Analysis of Social Networks. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress Mathematical Society, Thessaloniki, 30 March-3 April 2016, 415-428.
[32]
Theoharis, D. and Bekiari, A. (2016) Social Networks Analysis of Centrality: Case Study in Leadership Networks. Proceedings of the 33rd Congress Greek Mathematical Society (with International Participation), Chania, 4-6 November 2016, 250-260.
[33]
Bekiari, A. (2016) Insights into Instructors’ Verbal Aggressiveness and Students’ Machiavellianism through Leadership Style and Motivational Climate. European Scientific Journal, 12, 90-110. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p90
[34]
Bekiari, A. (2017) Exploring Relations between Instructors’ Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness and Students’ Fair Play Behaviours and Machiavellianism. International Journal of Physical Education, 54, 26-39.
[35]
Bekiari, A. (2017) Verbally Aggressive Instructors and Machiavellian Students: Is the Socio-Communicative Style an Over-Bridging? Psychology, 8, 1437-1454.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.810095
[36]
Bekiari, A. and Balla, K. (2017) Instructors and Students Relations: Argumentativeness, Leadership and Goal Orientations. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 128-143. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.57009
[37]
Bekiari, A. and Spyropoulou, S. (2016) Exploration of Verbal Aggressiveness and Interpersonal Attraction through Social Network Analysis: Using University Physical Education Class as an Illustration. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 145-155.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.46016
[38]
Theoharis, D. and Bekiari, A. (2017) Applying Social Network Indicators in the Analysis of Verbal Aggressiveness at the School. Journal of Computer and Communications, 5, 169-181. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.57015
[39]
Theoharis, D. and Bekiari, A. (2017) Cumulative Hierarchy Analysis (Katz Centrality) on Leadership Networks of Learning Communities. Proceedings of the 9th International Congress Mathematical Society, Thessaloniki, 17-19 March 2017, 285-297.
[40]
Hasanagas, N. and Bekiari, A. (2015) Depicting Determinants and Effects of Intimacy and Verbal Aggressiveness Target through Social Network Analysis. Sociology Mind, 5, 162-175. https://doi.org/10.4236/sm.2015.53015
[41]
Hasanagas, N. and Bekiari, A. (2017) An Exploration of the Relation between Hunting and Aggressiveness: Using Inmates Networks at Prison Secondary School as an Illustration. Social Networking, 6, 19-37.
https://doi.org/10.4236/sn.2017.61002
[42]
Bekiari, A., Deliligka, S. and Koustelios, A. (2016) Examining Relations of Aggressive Communication in Social Networks. Social Networking, 6, 38-52.
https://doi.org/10.4236/sn.2017.61003
[43]
Bekiari, A., Deliligka, S. and Hasanagas, N. (2017) Analysing Networks of Verbal Aggressiveness and Motivation. Psychology, 8, 495-515.
https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.83031
[44]
Bekiari, A., Pachi, V. and Hasanagas, N. (2017) Investigating Bullying Determinants and Typologies with Social Network Analysis. Journal of Computer and Communications, 5, 11-27. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.57002
[45]
Bekiari, A., Nikolaidou, Z. and Hasanagas, N. (2017) Typology of Motivation and Aggression on the Basis of Social Network Variables: Examples of Complementary and Nested Behavioral Types through Conventional Statistics. Social Networking, 6, 135-147. https://doi.org/10.4236/sn.2017.62008
[46]
Bekiari, A. and Petanidis, D. (2016) Exploring Teachers’ Verbal Aggressiveness through Interpersonal Attraction and Students’ Intrinsic Motivation. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 72-85. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.412007
[47]
Bekiari, Α., Hasanagas, Ν., Theoharis, D., Kefalas, Ι. and Vasilou, Α. (2015) The Role of Mathematical Object and the Educational Environment to Students’ Interpersonal Relationships: An Application of Full Social Network Analysis. Proceedings of the 32nd Congress Greek Mathematical Society (with International Participation), Kastoria, 799-812.
[48]
Theoharis, D. and Bekiari, A. (2017) Structural Analysis of Leadership in School Class Networks. Proceedings of the 34th Congress Greek Mathematical Society (with International Participation), Lefkada, 3-5 November 2017, 271-279.
