Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important microstructural alteration process used recently in the engineering field. Grains alteration and hence the mechanical properties of the possessed zone are controlled by the temperature, heating and cooling rate. In this work, AZ31B magnesium samples were friction stir processed in three different cooling conditions like air, water and cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) cooling. 1000 rpm and 60 mm/min were kept constant as tool rotation speed and traverse speed respectively in all the three mediums. The consequence of these conditions on thermal fields, axial force, resulting grain structure and mechanical properties？was？studied. It is found that the cryogenic treated friction stir processed samples exhibit fine grain structures and hence offer better mechanical properties than the air and water cooled processed samples.
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