Slag carry-over during the draining of molten steel
from a teeming ladle is numerically studied here. Two-phase isothermal
transient 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were employed to simulate
the draining process. Two nozzle diameters, two nozzle positions and three slag
heights were considered. From mass balances, the slag carry-over in terms of
mass flow rate was obtained for each of the above variables. Besides, the
draining times of the teeming ladle were estimated from theoretical
considerations and CDF simulations, and compared.
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