A novel metamaterial structure has been proposed for Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) applications. A patch antenna with dimension of 18 mm ×
13.9 mm and resonating at 5 GHz has been designed and the effect of Double
Negative (DNG) metamaterial loading for the patch size reduction as well as a
lowering in resonance frequency for the fixed size patch antenna has been
proposed. A size reduction of 72.5% in the patch antenna has been obtained
with the loading of this metamaterial structure and the effect of loading the
metamaterial shows that without reducing the size, the patch antenna can
work at 3.7 GHz resonance, providing a lowering in resonance frequency by
26%. The metamaterial structure consists of two concentric loops with an
outer radius of 3.1 mm. The width of the ring is 1.0 mm and the split is 0.5
mm and has been designed over a 1.57 mm thick Fr4 substrate. The bending
effect of the patch antenna with and without metamaterial loading and its
comparison with the planar patch antenna has been also shown here. The
metamaterial structure has shown its resonance at 5 GHz and its permittivity
and permeability behavior over the desired frequency range has been plotted.
The simulation of traditional patch antenna and patch antenna over metamaterial
has been compared for its return loss, VSWR, gain and efficiency. Finally,
a spice circuit for the S parameter of the metamaterial, patch antenna and
patch antenna loaded with metamaterial has been obtained using Matlab and
ADS for its equivalence to 3D field solver and its comparison has been plotted
for its verification.
References
[1]
Pozar, D.M. and Schaubert, D.H. (1995) Microstrip Antennas. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470545270
[2]
Pendry, J.B., Holden, A.J., Robbins, D.J. and Stewart, W.J. (1998) Low-Frequency Plasmons in Thin Wire Structures. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 10, 4785-4809. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/10/22/007
[3]
Veselago, V.G. (1968) The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ε and μ. Soviet Physics Uspekhi, 10, 509-514.
https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003699
[4]
Dong, Y., Toyao, H. and Itoh, T. (2012) Design and Characterization of Miniaturized Patch Antennas Loaded with Complementary Split-Ring Resonators. IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60, 772-785.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2011.2173120
[5]
Erentok, A. and Ziolkowski, R.W. (2008) Metamaterial-Inspired Efficient Electrically Small Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 56, 691-707. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2008.916949
[6]
Ziolkowski, R.W., Jin, P. and Lin, C.C. (2011) Metamaterial-Inspired Engineering. IEEE Proceedings of Antennas, 99, 1720-1731.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2010.2091610
[7]
Garg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, I. and Ittipiboon, A. (2001) Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Artech House, Boston.
[8]
Pendry, J.B., Holden, A.J., Robbins, D.J. and Stewart, W.J. (1999) Magnetism from Conductors and Enhanced Nonlinear Phenomena. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 47, 2075-2084. https://doi.org/10.1109/22.798002
[9]
Smith, D.R. and Kroll, N. (2000) Negative Refractive Index in Left-Handed Materials. Physical Review Letters, 85, 2933-2936.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2933
[10]
Shelby, A. Smith, D.R. and Schultz, S. (2001) Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction. Science, 292, 77-79.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058847
[11]
Smith, D.R., Padilla, W.J., Vier, D.C., Nemat-Nasser, S.C. and Schultz, S. (2000) Composite Medium with Simultaneously Negative Permeability and Permittivity. Physical Review Letters, 84, 4184-4187.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184
[12]
Ramzan, M. and Topalli, K. (2015) A Miniaturized Patch Antenna by Using a CSRR Loading Plane. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/495629
[13]
Umadevi, K.S., Chakyar, S.P., Simon, S.K., Andrews, J. and Joseph, V.P. (2017) Split Ring Resonators Made of Conducting Wires for Performance Enhancement. Europhysics Letters, 118, 24002. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/118/24002
[14]
Castro, P.J., Barroso, J.J., Neto, J.P.L., Tomaz, A. and Hasar, U.C. (2016) Experimental Study of Transmission and Reflection Characteristics of a Gradient Array of Metamaterial Split-Ring Resonators. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, 15, 380-389.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742016v15i4658
[15]
Li, D., Yu, J., Zhou, W., Ji, B., Song, B. and Guo, X. (2015) An Analytical Model for Resonant Frequency of the Split Ring Resonators. 8th Europe, China Millimeter Waves and THz Technology Workshop, Cardiff, 14-15 September 2015, 1-3.
https://doi.org/10.1109/UCMMT.2015.7460632
[16]
Schuette, D., Irfanullah, I., Nariyal, S., Khattak, S. and Braaten, B.D. (2016) Strong Coupling (Crosstalk) between Printed Microstrip and Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) Loaded Transmission Lines in Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT), Grand Forks, 196-199. https://doi.org/10.1109/EIT.2016.7535239
[17]
Gustavsen, B. and Semlyen, A. (1999) Rational Approximation of Frequency Domain Responses by Vector Fitting. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 14, 1052-1061. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.772353
