The aim of this scientific research was to study the influence of various diets (ketogenic, low carb, mixed) on teeth and saliva structure of healthy individuals. The health condition of teeth and the influence of diet (sweets, water intake) were investigated using the questionnaires which were statistically processed by descriptive and inductive statistics. Saliva was examined using synchronous fluorescent fingerprint (SFF) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The statistical evaluation of answers of respondents using the questionnaires about intake of sweets in their diet showed significant influence of sugars on formation of tooth decay of diet. The intake of water (volume and frequency) did not show significant influence on formation of tooth decay. Endogenous fluorescence and surface structure of saliva differed in healthy subjects with different diet. The most organized surface structure showed low carb diet (without crystals). The least organized surface structure showed ketogenic diet with the big crystals (1 - 2 μm). Untraditional methods (SFF and AFM) enable the new, sensitive and quick analysis of the mixture of saliva. Saliva of individuals with low carb diet showed the most organized structure. Low content of sugar in diet is important possibility of the prevention before dental carries.
References
[1]
Wang, Q., Yu, Q., Lin, Q. and Duan, Y. (2015) Emerging Salivary Biomarkers by Mass Spectrometry. Clinica Chimica Acta, 483, 214-221.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.037
[2]
Kolderman, E., Bettampadi, D., Samarian, D., Dowd, S.E., Foxman, B., Jakubovics, N.S. and Rickard, A.H. (2015) L-Arginine Destabilizes Oral Multi-Species Biofilm Communities Developed in Human Saliva. PloS One, 10, e0121835.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121835
[3]
Nascimento, M.M., Browngardt, C., Xiaohui, X., Klepac-Ceraj, V., Paster, B.J. and Burne, R.A. (2014) The Effect of Arginine on Oral Biofilm Communities. Molecular Oral Biology, 29, 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/omi.12044
[4]
Petrou, I., Heu, R., Stranick, M., Lavender, S., Zaidel, L., Cummins, D., Sullivan, R.J., Hsueh, C. and Gimzewski, J.K. (2009) A Breaktrough Therapy for Dentin Hy-persensitivity: How Dental Products Contain 8% Arginine and Calcium Carbonate Work to Deliver Effective Relief of Sensitive Teeth. Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 20, 23-31.
[5]
Tada, A., Nakayama-Imaohji, H., Yamasaki, H., Hasibul, K., Yoneda, S., Uchida, K., Nariya, H., Suzuki, M., Miyake, M. and Kuwahara, T. (2016) Cleansing Effect of Acidic L-Arginine on Human Oral Biofilm. BMC Oral Health, 16, 40.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0194-z
[6]
Klonoff, C.D. (2009) The Beneficial Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Other Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 3, 1229–1232. https://doi.org/10.1177/193229680900300601
[7]
Zotti, F., Laffranchi, F., Fontana, P., Dalessandri, D., Bonetti, S. (2014) Effects of Fluorotherapy on Oral Changes Caused by a Vegan Diet. Minerva Stomatologica, 63, 179-188.
[8]
Hujoel, P.P. and Lingström, P. (2017) Nutrition, Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 44, 79-84.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12672
[9]
Paglia, L., Scaglioni, S., Torchia, V., De Cosmi, V., Moretti, M., Marzo, G. and Giuca, R. (2016) Familial and Dietary Risk Factors in Early Childhood Caries. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 17, 93-99.
[10]
Gulube, Z. and Patel, M. (2016) Effect of Punica granatum on the Virulence Factors of Cariogenic Bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Microbial Pathogenesis, 98, 45-49.
[11]
Dorvee, J.R., Gerkowicz, L., Bahmanyar, S., Deymier-Black, A. and Veis, A. (2016) Chondroitin Sulfate Is Involved in the Hypercalcification of the Organic Matrix of Bovine Peritubular Dentin Research. Archives of Oral Biology, 62, 93-100.
[12]
Venkatesan, K. and Ranjan, M. (2015) Beat the Decay in a Foody Fashion. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 6, 343-348.
[13]
Souza, M.M.D., de Paula, F.M., Hsieh, R., Cristina, M., Macedo, M.A., Corral, M.A. and Nunez, T.B. (2017) Could Mucin 16 and Colony-Stimulating Factor 2-Receptor Beta Possible Graft versus Host Disease Biomarkers? Medical Hypothesis, 100, 89-93.
[14]
Aqrawi, L.A., Galtung, H.K., Vestad, B., Øvstebø, R., Thiede, B., Rusthen, S., Young, A., Guerreiro, E.M., Utheim, T.P., Chen, X., Utheim, Ø.A., Palm, Ø. and Jensen, J.L. (2017) Identification of Potential Saliva and Tear Biomarkers in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome, Utilising the Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles and Proteomics Analysis. Arthrisis Research and Therapy, 19, 14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1228-x
[15]
Bottoni, U., Tiriolo, R., Pullano, S.A., Dastoli, S., Amoruso, G.F., Nisticò, S.P. and Fiorillo, A.S. (2016) Infrared Saliva Analysis of Psoriatic and Diabetic Patients: Similarities in Protein Components. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 63, 379-384. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2015.2458967
[16]
Loo, J.A., Yan, W., Ramachandran, P. and Wong, D.T. (2010) Comparative Human Salivary and Plasma Proteomes. Journal of Dental Research, 89, 1016-1023.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034510380414
[17]
Tomečková, V., Komanicky, V., Kakoush, M., Krajčíková, K., Glinská, G., Široká, M., Pundová, L., Samuely, T., Hložná, D. and Lotnyk, D. (2016) Monitoring of Heart Ischemia in Blood Serum. Spectral Analysis Review, 4, 11-22.
https://doi.org/10.4236/sar.2016.42002
[18]
Berezin, M.Y. and Achilefu, S. (2010) Fluorescenc Lifetime Measurments and Biological Imaging. Chemical Reviews, 110, 2641-2684.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900343z
[19]
Gil-Montoya, J.A., de Mello, A.L.F., Barrios, R., Gonzalez-Moles, M.A. and Bravo, M. (2015) Oral Health in the Elderly Patients and Its Impact on General Well-Being: A Non-systematic Review. Clinical Interventions in Ageing, 10, 461-467.
https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S54630
[20]
Sharma, M., Catalano, H.P., Nahar, V.K., Lingam, V.C., Johnson, P. and Ford, M.A. (2017) Applying Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change to Predict Water Conumption Instead of Sugar-Sweeted Beverages. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 17, e00370.
[21]
Shutto, Y., Shimada, M., Kitajima, M., Yamabe, H., Saitoh, Y., Saitoh, H. and Razzaque, M.S. (2013) Inadequate Awareness among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Regarding Food and Drinks Containing Artificially Added Phosphate. PLoS ONE, 8, 78660. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078660
[22]
Krzyściak, W., Jurczak, A., Kościelniak, D., Bystrowska, B. and Skalniak, A. (2013) The Virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the Ability to Form Biofilms. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 33, 499-515.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-1993-7
[23]
Pase, M.P., Himali, J.J., Beiser, A.S., Aparicio, H.J., Satizabal, C.L., Vasan, R.S., Seshadri, S. and Jacques, P.F. (2017) Sugar- and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and the Risk of Incident Stroke and Dementia. Stroke.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2017/04/20/STROKEAHA.116.016027
[24]
Marivonich, M., Galli, C.L., Bosetti, C., Gallus, S. and La Vecchia, C. (2013) Aspartame, Low-Calorie Sweeteners and Diseases: Regulatory Safety and Epidemiological Issues. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 60, 109-115.
[25]
Schwendicke, F., Doost, F., Hopfenmüller, W., Meyer-Lueckel, H. and Paris, S. (2015) Dental Caries, Fluorosis, and Oral Health Behavior of Children from Herat, Afghanistan. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 43, 521-531.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12177
[26]
Bozovic, D., Racic, M. and Ivkovic, N. (2013) Salivary Cortisol Levels as a Biological Marker of Stress Reaction. Medical Archives, 67, 374-377.
https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2013.67.374-377
[27]
Volgenant, C.M.C., Hoogenkamp, M.A., Krom, B.P., Janus, M.M., Ten Cate, J.M., De Soet, J.J., Crielaard, W. and Van der Veen, M.H. (2016) Red and Green Fluorescence from Oral Biofilms. PLoS ONE, 11, e0168428.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168428
