In wireless quantum networks, nodes communicate by means of pre-distribution for entangled pairs and relay path establishment for quantum teleportation. However, simple point-to-point communication seriously restricts the efficiency of quantum communication. Inspired by sharing idea of quantum secret sharing (QSS), which is based on three collaborative nodes with pre-shared GHZ (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) states, we propose a quantum secret broadcast scheme to improve network performance. In a cluster net-work cored on three parties of QSS, three cluster heads with pre-shared GHZ states are senders, while cluster members are receivers. One cluster head encodes secret messages on auxiliary particles by performing certain operations on them with GHZ particles, then three cluster heads measure their own par-ticles and broadcast measurement results honestly. Based on the specific correlation of measurement results and secret messages, all receivers can re-cover the secret messages. Furthermore, to prevent eavesdropping, cluster heads can update an encoding key periodically. Analysis shows the proposed scheme is more efficient than previous schemes in wireless quantum net-works, especially when the number of receivers is larger. Besides, in the proposed scheme, attacks on quantum channel based on GHZ state can be detected, and eavesdroppers cannot recover messages correctly for lack of suitable decoding key.
References
[1]
Bennett, C.H. and Brassard, G. (1984) Quantum Cryptography: Public-Key Distribution and Tossing. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, IEEE Press, 175-179.
[2]
Cheng, S.T., Wang, C.Y. and Tao, M.H. (2005) Quantum Communication for Wireless Wide-Area Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23, 1424-1432. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2005.851157
[3]
Li, J.S. and Yang, C.F. (2009) Quantum Communication in Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE 6th International Con-ference, Macau, 12-15 Oct. 2009, 1024-1029. https://doi.org/10.1109/MOBHOC.2009.5337016
[4]
Cao, Y., Yu, X.Y. and Cai, Y.X. (2013) Wireless Quantum Communication Networks with Mesh Structure. IEEE 3rd International Conference on Information Science and Technology, Yangzhou, 23-25 March 2013, 1485-1489.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIST.2013.6747818
[5]
Hillery, M., Buzek, V. and Berthiaume, A. (1999) Quantum Secret Sharing. Physical Review A, 59, 1829-1834. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.59.1829
[6]
Deng, F.G., Zhou, H.Y. and Long, G.L. (2005) Bidirectional Quantum Secret Sharing and Secret Splitting with Polarized Single Photons. Physics Letters A, 337, 329-334.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.02.001
[7]
Wang, J., Zhang, Q. and Tang, C.J. (2007) Multiparty Quantum Se-cret Sharing of Secure Direct Communication Using Teleportation. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 47, 454-458. https://doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/47/3/015
[8]
Liu, Y. and Xu, C. (2009) Three-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Based on Secret Direct Communication. International Forum on Information Technology and Applications, 1, 126-130.
[9]
Hwang, T., Hwang, C.C. and Li, C.M. (2011) Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Based on GHZ States. Physica Scripta, 83, 045004.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/83/04/045004
[10]
Nguyen, T.M.T., Sfaxi, M.A. and Ghernaouti-Helie, S. (2006) Integration of Quantum Cryptography in 802.11 Networks. Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Availability, Reliability and Security, Vi-enna, 20-22 April 2006, 116-123.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ARES.2006.75
[11]
Zhou, J.D., How, G. and Wu, S.J. (2007) Controlled Teleportation of an Arbi-trary Multi-Qudit State in a General Form with d-Dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zei- linger States. Chinese Physics Letters, 24, 1151-1153.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/24/5/007
