An investigation has been made to study the reaction kinetics of gelled acids with calcite using a rotating disk apparatus. The rheological experiments revealed that all gelled acids behaved as non-Newtonian shear thinning fluids. With the rotating disk apparatus, the reaction kinetics parameters, activation energy, and effective diffusion coefficients were determined. It was found that the reaction of gelled acid with calcite was mass transfer limited at low polymer concentration and moving toward surface reaction limited at higher polymer concentration. And the diffusion rate marginally decreased, with increasing the polymer concentration.
References
[1]
Ratnakar, R., Kalia, N. and Balakotaiah, V. (2012) Carbonate Matrix Acidizing with Gelled Acids: An Experiment-Based Modeling Study. SPE International Production and Operations Conference & Exhibition, Doha, 14-16 May 2012, 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.2118/154936-MS
[2]
Rabie, A.I., Gomaa, A.M. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. (2011) Reaction of In-Situ-Gelled Acids with Calcite: Reaction-Rate Study. SPE Journal, 16, 981-992.
https://doi.org/10.2118/133501-PA
Conway, M.W., Asadi, M., Penny, G.S., et al. (1999) A Comparative Study of Straight/Gelled/Emulsified Hydrochloric Acid Diffusivity Coefficient Using Diaphragm Cell and Rotating-Disk. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, Houston, USA.
[5]
Lakatos, I. and Lakatos-Szabó, J. (2004) Diffusion of H+, H2O and D2O in Polymer/ Silicate Gels. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 246, 9-19.
[6]
Taylor, K.C, Al-Ghamdi, A.H. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. (2004) Effect of Additives on the Acid Dissolution Rates of Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates. SPE Production & Facilities, 19, 122-127. https://doi.org/10.2118/80256-PA
[7]
Nasr-El-Din, H.A., Al-Mohammed, A.M., Al-Aamri, A., et al. (2006) Reaction Kinetics of Gelled Acids with Calcite. International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition in China, Beijing, 5-7 December 2006, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2118/103979-MS
[8]
Lund, K., Fogler, H.S., McCune, C.C., et al. (1975) Acidization—II. The Dissolution of Calcite in Hydrochloric Acid. Chemical Engineering Science, 30, 825-835.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(75)80047-9
[9]
Rabie, A.I., Gomaa, A.M. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. (2010) Determination of Reaction Rate of In-Situ Gelled Acids with Calcite Using the Rotating Disk Apparatus. SPE Production and Operations Conference and Exhibition, Tunis, 8-10 June 2010, 1- 18. https://doi.org/10.2118/133501-MS
Rabie, A.I., Gomaa, A.M. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. (2012) HCl/Formic In-Situ-Gelled Acids as Diverting Agents for Carbonate Acidizing. SPE Production & Operations, 27, 170-184. https://doi.org/10.2118/140138-PA
[12]
Hansford, G.S. and Litt, M. (1968) Mass Transport from a Rotating Disk into Power-Law Liquids. Chemical Engineering Science, 23, 849-864.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(68)80020-X
[13]
de Rozieres, J. (1994) Measuring Diffusion Coefficients in Acid Fracturing Fluids and Their Application to Gelled and Emulsified Acids: SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, New Orleans, LA.
[14]
Fredd, C.N. and Scott Fogler, H. (1998) The Kinetics of Calcite Dissolution in Acetic Acid Solutions. Chemical Engineering Science, 53, 3863-3874.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00192-4
[15]
Lund, K., Fogler, H.S. and McCune, C.C. (1973) Acidization I: The Dissolution of Dolomite in Hydrochloric Acid. Chemical Engineering Science, 28, 691.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(77)80003-1
[16]
Chin, D. and Litt, M. (1972) An Electrochemical Study of Flow Instability on a Rotating Disk. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 54, 613-625.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112072000904
[17]
Taylor, K.C. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. (2002) Coreflood Evaluation of In-Situ Gelled Acids: SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, Lafayette, LA.
[18]
Sayed, M.A.I. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A. (2012) Reaction Rate of Emulsified Acids and Dolomite: SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, Lafayette, LA.