A seasonal-spatial distribution and ecological risk assesment of the surface sediment are provided for Trabzon Harbour, located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Sediments were collected from three stations, one of which was a control station, and a total of nine heavy metals were analyzed. In the sediment samples, concentrations of iron (Fe: 57.972 ± 1.226 − 116.250 ± 0.554 μg⋅g−1 DW), copper (Cu: 5.790 ± 0.250 − 14.770 ± 0.270 μg⋅g−1 DW), cadmium (Cd: 0.070 ± 0.016 − 0.232 ± 0.005 μg⋅g−1 DW), lead (Pb: 55.100 ± 0.540 − 4.652 ± 0.066
References
[1]
Adeyemo, O.K., Adedokun, O.A., Yusuf, R.K. and Adeleye, E.A. (2008) Seasonal Changes in Physico-Chemical Parameters and Nutrient Load of River Sediment in Ibadan City, Nigeria. Global NEST Journal, 10, 326-336.
[2]
Davies, O.A. and Abowei, J.F.N. (2009) Sediment Quality of Lower Reaches of Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific Research, 26, 437-442.
[3]
Rizo, O.D., Rudnikas, A.G., Perez, R.D.L., Caraballo, G.A. and Rodriguez, K.A. (2014) XRF Analysis of Sediments from Nuevitas Bay (Cuba): Assessment of Current Heavy Metal Contamination. Nucleus, 55, 11-14.
[4]
Praveena, S.M., Radojevic, M., Abdullah, M.H. and Avis, A.Z. (2007) Factor-Cluster Analysis and Enrichment Study of Mangrove Sediments—An Example from Mengkabong Sabah. The Malysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2, 421-430.
[5]
Wang, X.-C., Feng, H., Hai-Qing, M. (2007) Assessment of Metal Contamination in Surface Sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. Clean Soil Air Water, 35, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200600022
[6]
Akinmosin, A., Osinowo, O.O. and Oladunjoye, M.A. (2009) Radiogenic Components of the Nigeria Tarsand Deposits. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 13, 64-73.
[7]
MacDonald, D.D., Carr, R.S., Calder, F.D., Long, E.R. and Ingersoll, C.G. (1996) Development and Evaluation of Sediment Quality Guidelines for Florida Coastal Waters. Ecotoxicology, 5, 253-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118995
[8]
Chen, C.W., Kao, C.M., Chen, C.F. and Dong, C.D. (2007) Distribution and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Chemosphere, 66, 1431-1440.
[9]
Ho, H.H., Swennen, R. and Damme, A.V. (2010) Distribution and Contamination Status Of Heavy Metals in Estuarine Sediments near Cua Ong Harbor, Ha Long Bay Vietnam. Geologica Belgica, 13, 37-47.
USEPA (1999) SW-846 Reference Methodology: Method 3050B. Standard Operating Procedure for the Digestion of Soil/Sediment Samples Using a Hotplate/Beaker Digestion Technique.
[12]
MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G. and Berger, T.A. (2000) Development and Evaluation of Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for Freshwater Ecosystems. Archives of Environmental and Contamination Toxicology, 39, 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010075
[13]
Gonzales-Macias, C., Schifter, I., Lluch-Cota, D.B., Mendez-Rodriguez, L. and Hernandez-Vazquez, S. (2006) Distrubution, Enrichment and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Coastal Sediments of Salina Cruz Bay, Mexico. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 118, 211-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1492-8
[14]
Topcuoglu, S., Kirbasoglulu, C. and Güngör, N. (2002) Heavy Metals in Organisms and Sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997-1998. Environmental International, 27, 521-526.
[15]
Ergül, H.A., Topcuoglu, S., Ölmez, E. and Kirbasoglu, C. (2008) Heavy Metals in Sinking Particles and Bottom Sediments from the Eastern Turkish Coast of the Black Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 78, 396-402.
[16]
Boran, M. and Altinok, I. (2010) A Review of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Living Organisms in the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10, 565-572. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2010.0418
[17]
Alkan, N., Alkan, A., Akbas, U. and Fisher, A. (2015) Metal Pollution Assessment in Sediments of the Southeastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 24, 290-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2015.950723
[18]
Anonymous (2011) Talepler el kitabi-T.C. Basbakanlik Denizcilik Müstesarligi (Deniz Ticareti Genel Müdürlügü).
Kacar, B. (1995) Bitki ve Topragin Kimyasal Analizleri 3: Toprak Analizleri Ankara üniersitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Egitim Arastirma ve Gelistirme Vakfi Yayinlari, No: 3, 705 s. (in Turkish)
[22]
Shrestha, M.K. and Lin, C.K. (1996) Determination of Phosphorus Saturation Level in Relation to Clay Content in Formulated Pond Muds. Aquacultural Engineering, 15, 441-459.
[23]
Kesici, T. and Kocabas, Z. (2007) Biyoistatistik, Ankara üniv. Eczacilik Fakültesi Yayin No. 94, Ankara.
[24]
Simpson, S.L., Batley, G.E., Chariton, A.A., Stauber, J.L., King, C.K., Chapman, J.C., Hyne, R.V., Gate, S.A., Roach, A.C. and Maher, W.A. (2005) Handbook for Sediment Quality Assesment. Bangor NSW, CSIRO.
[25]
Topcuoglu, S., Ölmez, E., Kirbasoglu, C., Yilmaz, Y.Z. and Saygin, N. (2004) Heavy Metal and Radioactivity in Biota and Sediment Samples Collected from ünye in the Eastern Black Sea. Proceedings 37th CIESM, Barcelona, 250 p.
[26]
Balkis, N.,Topcuoglu, S., Güven, K.C., Öztürk, B., Topaloglu, B., Kirbasoglu, C. and Aksu, A. (2007) Heavy Metals in Shallow Sediments from the BlackSea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea regions of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 13, 147-153.
[27]
Alkan, A., Zengin, B. and Serdar, S. (2004) Determination Some Physical and Chemical Parameters of Seawater on the Trabzon Coast, Final Report (2001-2003). Water Product Central Research Institutes Publishing, Trabzon, 113 p. (in Turkish)
[28]
Morillo, J., Usero, J. and Gracia, I. (2004) Heavy Metal Distribution in Marine Sediments from the Southwest Coast of Spain. Chemosphere, 55, 431-442.
[29]
Istvanovics, V. (1994) Fractional Composition, Adsorption and Release of Sediment Phosphorus in the Kiss-Balaton Reservoir. Water Research, 28, 717-726.
[30]
Li, G., Hu, B., Bi, J., Leng, Q., Xiao, C. and Yang, Z. (2013) Heavy Metals Distribution and Contamination in Surface Sediments of the Coastal Shandong Peninsula (Yellow Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 76, 420-426.
[31]
cevik, F., Göksu, M.Z.L., Derici, O.B. and Findik,Ö. (2009) An Assessment of Metal Pollution in Surface Sediments of Seyhan Dam by Using Enrichment Factor, Geoaccumulation Index and Statistical Analyses. Environmental Monit Assessment, 152, 309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0317-3
[32]
MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., Dawn, E.S. and Rebecca, A.L. (2003) Development and Applications of Sediment Quality Criteria for Managing Contaminated Sediment in British Columbia. MacDonald Environmental Sciences Ltd., Island Highway North Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T1W6.
[33]
MUMM (2007) Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM)-Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences 2007. Dredged Material. http://www.mumm.ac.be/EN/Management/Sea-based/dredging.php
[34]
Li, J. (2014) Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Yanghe River, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 12441-12453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212441
[35]
Ahdy, H.H. and Khaled, A. (2009) Heavy Metals Contamination in Sediments of the Western Part of Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3, 3330-3336.
[36]
Loska, K. and Wiechula, D. (2003) Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in surface Sediments from Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere, 51, 723-733.
