The combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers can be a proper way of nutrition management to increase the yield and quality and to mitigate environmental impacts of chemicals and the pertaining costs. The impact of different rates of sulfur-containing humic acid was studied on yield and nutrient uptake of the fruits of olive “Zard” three-year-old trees in a trial based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in Shariati College of Tehran, Iran. The studied treatment was sulfur-containing humic acid at four rates of 0, 20, 25 and 30 kg⋅ha−1, which was applied at two stages. The highest fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, N and Cu contents were related to humic acid rate of 20 kg⋅ha−1. The highest fruit length, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll were observed in control. The highest K, Fe and Mn contents were obtained from plants treated with 30 kg⋅ha−1 humic acid. Plants treated with 25 kg⋅ha−1 exhibited the highest P and Zn contents. All in all, the application of sulfur-containing humic acid at different rates had favorable impacts on quantitative and qualitative traits of olive fruits.
References
[1]
Montemurro, C., Simmeone, R., Pasqualone, A., Ferrar, E and Blabco, A. (2005) Genetic Relationships and Cultivar Identification among 112 Olive Accessions Using AFLP and SSR Markers. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 80, 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511899
[2]
Chartzoulakis, K., Loupassaki, M., Bertaki, M. and Androulakis, I. (2002) Effect of NaCl Salinity on Growth, Ion Content, and CO2 Assimilation Rate of Six Olive Cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 96, 235-247.
[3]
Jafari, A., Mahlooji, M., Solhi, M. and Davazdahemami, S. (2007) Foundation, Principle and Challenges of Organic Farming. Sustainable Agriculture Quarterly, 4, 13-19.
[4]
Mitchell, A.E. and Chassy, A.W. (2004) Antioxidants and the Nutritional Quality of Organic Agriculture. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 560-568.
[5]
Guisquiani, P., Pagliani, M., Gigliotti, G., Businelli, D. and Bennetti, A. (1995) Urban Waste Compost: Effects on Physical, Chemical and Biochemical Soil Properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 24, 175-182. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400010024x
[6]
Sebahattin, A. and Necdet, C. (2005) Effects of Different Levels and Application Times of Humic Acid on Root and Leaf Yield and Yield Components of Forage Turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Journal of Agronomy, 4, 130-133. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2005.130.133
[7]
Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. and Vianello, A. (2002) Physiological Effects of Humic Substances on Higher Plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 1527-1536.
[8]
Zheng, Y., Graham, T., Richard, S. and Dixon, M. (2004) Potted Gerbera Production in a Subirrigation System Using Low-Concentration Nutrient Solutions. Horticultural Science, 39, 1283-1286
[9]
Atiyeh, R.M., Lee, S., Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q. and Metsger, J.D. (2002) The Influence of Humic Acids Derived from Earthworm-Processed Organic Wastes on Plant Growth. Bioresource Technology, 84, 7-14.
[10]
Chen, Y. and Aviad, T. (1990) Effects of Humic Substances on Plant Growth. In: MacCarthy, P., et al., Ed., Humic Substances in Substances in Soil and Crop Science: Selected Readings, SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI, 161-186.
[11]
Sanchez-Sanchez, A., Sanchez-Anderu, J., Juarez, M., Jorda, J. and Bermudez, D. (2002) Humic Substances and Amino Acid Improve Effectiveness of Chelate FeEDDHA in Lemons Trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25, 2433-2442. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120014705
[12]
Vaughan, D. and Malcom, R.E. (1985) Influence of Humic Substances on Growth and Physiological Processes. In: Vaughan, D. and Malcom, R.E., Eds., Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity, Martinus Nijhoff/Junk W, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 37-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5105-1_2
[13]
Nardi, S., Concheri, G. and Dell’Agnola, G. (1996) Biological Activity of Humic Substance in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 361-406.
[14]
Visser, S.A. (1986) Effetto delle sostanze umiche sulla crescita delle piante. In: Burns, R.G., Dell’Agnola, G., Miele, S., Nardi, S., Savoini, G., Schnitzer, M., Sequi, P., Vaughan, D. and Visser, S.A., Eds., Sostanze Umiche. Effetti sul Terreno e sulle Piante, Ramo Editoriale degli Agricoltori, Roma, 96-143.
[15]
Varanini, Z. and Pinton, R. (1995) Humic Substances and Plant Nutrition. In: Lüttge, U., Ed., Progress in Botany, Vol. 56. Springer, Berlin, 97-117.
[16]
Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M., Babalar, M., Xia, Y.P., Luo, A. and Etemadi, N. (2008) Effect of Commercial Humic Acid on Plant Growth, Nutrients Uptake and Postharvest Life of Gerbera. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 2155-2167. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802462819
[17]
Ramazani, M., Talaei, A., Javadi, D. and Safarpoor, N. (2008) The Effect of Foliar Application of Some Nutrients on the Characteristics of Different Periods of Flowering and Fruit Set ROODBAR Local Varieties of Olive Trees. Research and Construction in Agriculture and Horticulture, 3, 46-52.
[18]
Kafi, M., Borzooei, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoomi, A. and Nabati, J. (2009) Physiology of Environmental Stress in Plants. Publications University of Mashhad, 388 p.
[19]
UL-Hassan, F., Hakim, Sh.A., Manaf, A., Qadir, G.H. and Ahmad, S. (2007) Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to Sulphur and Seasonal Variations. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9, 499-503.
[20]
Hrivna, L., Richter, R., Losak, T. and Hlusek, J. (2002) Effect of Increasing Doses of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Chemical Composition of Plants, Yields and Seed Quality in Winter Rape. Rostlinná Vyroba, 48, 1-6.
[21]
Dursun, A., Guvenc, I. and Turan, M. (2002) Effects of Different Levels of Humic Acid on Seedling Growth and Macro and Micronutrient Contents of Tomato and Eggplant. Acta Agrobotanica, 56, 81-88.
[22]
Fayed, T.A. (2005) Effect of Some Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Anna Apple Trees. Yield and Fruit Characteristics. Egypt Journal of Applied Science, 20, 176-191.
[23]
Gulser, F., Sonmez, F. and Boysan, S. (2010) Effects of Calcium Nitrate and Humic Acid on Pepper Seedling Growth under Saline Condition. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 873-876.
[24]
Cordeiro, F.C., Catarina, C.S., Silveira, V. and De Souza, S.R. (2011) Humic Acid Effect on Catalase Activity and the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Corn (Zea mays). Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 75, 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100553
[25]
Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. and Metzger, J.D. (2004) Influences of Vermicomposts on Field Strawberries: 1. Effects on Growth and Yields. Bioresource Technology, 93, 145-153.
[26]
Sharif, M., Khattak, R.A. and Sarir, M.S. (2002) Effect of Different Levels of Lignitic Coal Derived Humic Acid on Growth of Maize Plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 33, 3567-3580. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120015906
[27]
Sabzevari, S. and Khazaei, H. (2009) Effect of Foliar Application of Humic Acid Levels on Growth Characteristics, Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Agroecology, 1, 52-63.
[28]
Liu, C., Cooper, R.J. and Bowman, D.C. (1998) Humic Acid Application Affects Photosynthesis, Root Development, and Nutrient Content of Creeping Bentgrass. HortSci, 33, 1023-1025.
[29]
Ferrara, G., Pacifico, A., Simeone, P. and Ferrara, E. (2008) Preliminary Study on the Effects of Foliar Applications of Humic Acids on “Italia” Table Grape. Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 42, 79-87.
[30]
Taylor, G. and Cooper, L. (2004) Humic Acid: The Root to Healthy Plant Growth. California State Science Fair, Project No. J1610.
[31]
Sladky, Z. and Tichy, V. (1959) Applications of Humus Substances to Overground Organs of Plants. Biologia Plantarum, 1, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02927033
[32]
Padem, H., Ocal, A. and Alan, R. (1999) Effect of Humic Acid Added Foliar Fertilizer on Quality and Nutrient Content of Eggplant and Pepper Seedlings. Acta Horticulturae, 491, 169-177. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.491.35
[33]
Delfine, S., Tognetti, R., Desiderio, E. and Alvino, A. (2005) Effect of Foliar Application of N and Humic Acids on Growth and Yield of Durum Wheat. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25, 183-191.
[34]
Gandabi, M., Hasanpoor Asil, M., Hatamzadeh, A., Rabiee, B. and Chamani, E. (2008) Effect of BA and STS on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Lilium Cut Flowers. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 45, 603-612.
[35]
Dell’Agnola, G. and Ferrari, G. (1971) Effect of Humic Acids on Anion Uptake by Excised Barley Roots. Proceedings of the International Symposium Humus et Planta V, Prague, 567-570.
[36]
Dell’Agnola, G., Ferrari, G. and Nardi, S. (1981) Antidote Action of Humic Substances on Atrazine Inhibition of Sulphate Uptake in Barley Roots. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 15, 101-104.
[37]
Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Gessa, C., Ferrarese, L., Trainotti, L. and Casadoro, G. (2000) A Low Molecular Weight Humic Fraction on Nitrate Uptake and Protein Synthesis in Maize Seedlings. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32, 415-419.
[38]
Lobartini, J.C., Tan, K.H. and Pape, C. (1994) The Nature of Humic Acid Apatite Interaction Products and Their Availability to Plant Growth. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 25, 2355-2369. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369193
[39]
Salman, S.R., Abou-hussein, S.D., Abdel-Mawgoud, A.M.R. and El-Nemr, M.A. (2005) Fruit Yield and Quality of Watermelon as Affected by Hybrids and Humic Acid Application. Applied Sciences Research, 1, 51-58.
[40]
Bazzoffi, P., Pellegrini, S., Rocchini, A., Morandi, M. and Grasselli, O. (1998) The Effect of Urban Refuse Compost and Different Tractors Tyres on Soil Physical Properties, Soil Erosion and Maize Yield. Soil and Tillage Research, 48, 275-286.
[41]
Lopez, A.R. (1993) Humic Acid Effect on the Stomata Conductance and Leaf Abscission on Apple cv. Golden Delicious under Tropical Conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 329, 254-254. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.329.58
[42]
Haghighi, M., Kafi, M. and Fang, P. (2012) Photosynthetic Activity and N Metabolism of Lettuce as Affected by Humic Acid. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 18, 182-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2011.605826
[43]
Rauthan, B.S. and Schnitzer, M. (1981) Effects of Soil Fulvic Acid on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Cucumber (Cucumus sativus) Plants. Plant and Soil, 63, 491-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02370049
[44]
Ameri, A. and Tehranifar, A. (2012) Effect of Humic Acid on Nutrient Uptake and Physiological Characteristic Fragaria ananassa var: Camarosa. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 6, 77-79.
[45]
Bidegain, R.A., Kammerer, M., Guiresse, M., Hafidi, M., Rey, F., Morard, P. and Revel, J.C. (2000) Effect of Humic Substances from Composted or Chemically Decomposed Poplar Sawdust on Mineral Nutrition of Ryegrass. Agriculture Sciences, 134, 259-267.
[46]
Neri, D., Lodolini, E.M., Luciano, M., Sabbatini, P. and Savini, G. (2002) The Persistence of Humic Acid Droplets on Leaf Surface. Acta Horticulturae, 594, 303-314. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.594.36
[47]
Hakan, C., Vahap Katkat, A., Bulent Asik, B. and Turan, M.A. (2011) Effect of Foliar-Applied Humic Acid to Dry Weight and Mineral Nutrient Uptake of Maize under Calcareous Soil Conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42, 29-38.
[48]
Lobartini, J.C., Orioli, G.A. and Tan, K.H. (1997) Characteristics of Soil Humic Acid Fractions Separated by Ultrafiltration. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 28, 787-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629709369830
[49]
Sangeetha, M., Singaram, P. and Devi, R.U. (2006) Effect of Lignite Humic Acid and Fertilizers on the Yield of Onion and Nutrient Availability. 18th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, 9-15 July 2006.
