The flash point of flammable liquid mixture is very important parameter to characterize the ignition and explosion hazards. Flash points at 101.3 kPa were measured for several binary systems containing p-xylene, including {methanol + p-xylene}, {ethanol + p-xylene}, and {2-propanol and p-xylene}. Experimental measurements were performed using a SETA closed cup flash point tester. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated using the following activity coefficient models: Wilson, Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL), and UNIversal QUAsi-Chemical (UNIQUAC). The results from the NRTL model provided the best comparison to the experimentally determined values.
References
[1]
Crowl, D.A. and Louvar, J.F. (1990) Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NY.
[2]
CCPS/AIChE (1993) Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes. American Institute of Chemical Engineering, New York.
[3]
Lees, F.P. (1996) Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2nd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
[4]
Lawrence, F. (1990) Chemicals Used in the Rubber Industry. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 45-95.
[5]
Manuel, H.J. and Dierkes, W. (1997) Recycling of Rubber. Rapra Review Reports, 9, Report 99.
[6]
US Environmental Protection Agency (1994) Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Xylene. EPA-454-R-93-048.
[7]
Wilson, G.M. and Deal, C.H. (1962) Activity Coefficients and Molecular Structure. Activity Coefficients in Changing Environments-Solutions of Groups. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1, 20-23.
https://doi.org/10.1021/i160001a003
[8]
Renon, H. and Prausnitz, J.M. (1968) Local Compositions in Thermodynamic Excess Functions for Liquid Mixtures. AIChE Journal, 14, 135-144.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140124
[9]
Abrams, D.S. and Prausnitz, J.M. (1975) Statistical Thermodynamics of Liquid Mixtures: A New Expression for the Excess Gibbs Energy of Partly or Completely Miscible Systems. AIChE Journal, 21, 116-128.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210115
[10]
National Fire Protection Association (1985) Fire Investigations. Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA., National Fire Codes, 7.
[11]
Dortmund Data Bank Software Package (DDBSP) Version 2006 Professional, Software and Separation Technology GmbH. http://www.ddbst.de
[12]
American Society for Testing Materials (1999) Annual Book of ASTM Standards. 6.
[13]
In, S.J. (2015) Flash Point for Binary MIXTURES of methylcyclohexane, n-Heptane and p-Xylene. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 32, 327-331.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.09.013
[14]
Oh, I.S. and In, S.J. (2015) The Measurement and Prediction of Flash Point for Binary Mixtures of Methanol, Ethanol, 2-Propanol and 1-Butanol at 101.3 kPa. Fire Science and Engineering, 29, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2015.29.5.001
[15]
Le Chatelier, H. (1891) Estimation of Firedamp by Flammability Limits. Annales des Mines, 19, 388-395.
[16]
Liaw, H.J., Tang, C.L. and Lai, J.S. (2004) A Model for Predicting the Flash Point of Ternary Flammable Solution of Liquid. Combust Flame, 138, 308-319.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.06.002
[17]
Poling, B.E., Prausnitz, J.M. and O’connell, J.P. (2001) The Properties of Gases and Liquids. 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[18]
Oracz, P. and Kolasinska, G. (1987) Vapour-Liquid Equilibria-III. Total Vapour Pressure Measurements for Binary Mixtures of Methanol, Ethanol, 1-Propanol and 1-Butanol with Benzene, Toluene and p-Xylene at 313.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 35, 253-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(87)80016-X
[19]
Gupta, V., Maken, S., Kalra, K.C. and Singh K.C. (1996) Molar Excdess Gibbs Free Energy of 1-Propanol or 2-Propanol + Aromatic Hydrocarbons at 298.15 K in terms of an Association Model with a Flory Contribution Term. Thermochimica Acta, 277, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)02745-9
