The curd
of Romanesco broccoli was carbonized at 900°C under
argon atmosphere in a gold furnace chamber. The carbonization afforded a carbon
material with a fine logarithmic spiral on the surface, resembling the
Fibonacci parastichy structure of the Romanesco broccoli
flower bud. The carbonized “flower bud” structure was observed under scanning
electron microscopy. Infrared absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy measurements confirmed the chemical structure and component of the
carbon material.
References
[1]
Liang, Y., Wu, D. and Fu, R. (2013) Carbon Microfibers with Hierarchical Porous Structure from Electrospun Fiber-Like Natural Biopolymer. Scientific Report, 3, Article ID: 1119. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01119
[2]
Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Jin, L., Zhao, X. and Xu, T. (2015) A Top-Down Approach for Fabricating Free-Standing Bio-Carbon Supercapacitor Electrodes with a Hierarchical Structure. Scientific Report, 5, Article ID: 14155. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14155
[3]
Zhou, F., Sun, W., Ricardo, K.B., Wang, D., Shen, J., Yin, P., et al. (2016) Programmably Shaped Carbon Nanostructure from Shape-Conserving Carbonization of DNA. ACS Nano, 10, 3069-3077. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b05159
[4]
Ding, W., Li. L., Xiong, K., Wang, Y., Li. W., Nie, Y., et al. (2015) Shape Fixing via Salt Recrystallization: A Morphology-Controlled Approach to Convert Nanostructured Polymer to Carbon Nanomaterial as a Highly Active Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Journal of the American Chemistry Society, 137, 5414-5420. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b00292
[5]
Kaitsuka, Y., Hayashi, N., Shimokawa, T., Togawa, E. and Goto, H. (2016) Synthesis of Polyaniline (PANI) in Nano-Reaction Field of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF), and Carbonization. Polymers, 8, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8020040
[6]
Minas, C., Carnelli, D., Tervoort, E. and Studart, A.R. (2016) Printing of Emulsions and Foam into Hierarchical Porous Ceramics. Advanced Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603390
[7]
Malik, H.H., Darwood, A.R.J., Shaunak, S., Kulatilake, S., El-Hilly, A.A., Mulki, O., et al. (2015) Three-Dimensional Printing in Surgery: A Review of Current Surgical Applications. Journal of Surgical Research, 199, 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.06.051
[8]
AlAli, A.B., Griffin, M.F. and Butler, P.E. (2015) Three-Dimensional Printing Surgical Applications. Eplasty, 15, 352-367.
[9]
Gatenholm, P. (2016) Cellulose Nanofibrillar Bioink for 3d Bioprinting for Cell Culturing, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. WO Patent No. 100856
[10]
Conner, B.P., Manogharan, G.P., Martof, A.N., Rodomsky, L.M., Rodomsky, C.M., Jordan, D.C., et al. (2014) Making Sense of 3-D Printing: Creating a Map of Additive Manufacturing Products and Services. Additive Manufacturing, 1, 6476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2014.08.005
[11]
Kieffer, M., Fuller, M.P. and Jelling, A.J. (1998) Explaining Curd and Spear Geometry in Broccoli, Cauliflower and “Romanesco”: Quantitative Variation in Activity of Primary Meristems. Planta, 206, 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004250050371
[12]
Swinton, J., Ochu, E. and the MSI Turing’s Sunflower Consortium(2016) Novel Fibonacci and Non-Fibonacci Structure in the Sunflower: Results of a Citizen Science Experiment. Royal Society Open Science, 3, Article ID: 160091. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160091
[13]
Rong, C., Ji, A., Gao, L. and Cao, Ze. (2009) Stressed Triangular Tessellation and Fibonacci Parastichous Spirals on Ag Core/SiO2 Shell Microstructures. Advanced Materials, 21, 4652-4657. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200901061
