Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in
adults is one of the causes of renal abnormalities and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In this retrospective study, we explore the renal
manifestations among adult SCD patients. The subjects of the study are all
adult patients diagnosed with sickle cell anaemia and admitted as to the
Academy Charity Teaching Hospital,
Khartoum/Sudan during the period (01/01/2015-31/12/2015). All adult SCD
patients’ medical files have been reviewed focusing on personal and clinical
data in addition to presence or absence of renal manifestations, a total of 51
adult patients with SCD have been admitted to
Academy Charity Teaching Hospital, Khartoum/ Sudan. 11 patients have
renal manifestations (21.5%). The mean age ± SD of SCD patients with renal
manifestations was 20.2 ± 1.9 years, 63.6% were males, the mean Hb level was
6.9 ± 0.99 gm/dl, proteinuria was present among 81.8% of patients, followed by haematuria
(36.4%) and End Stage Renal Failure
(ESRF) (18.2%). Further prospective studies are needed to explore the
renal abnormalities among adult SCD patients.
References
[1]
Strouse, J. (2016) Sickle Cell Disease. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 138, 311-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802973-2.00018-5
[2]
Scheinman, J.I. (1994) Sickle Cell Nephropathy. In: Holliday, M., Barratt, T.M. and Avner, E.D., Eds., Pediatric Nephrology, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 908-919.
[3]
Banaga, A.S., Mohammed, E.B., Siddig, R.M., Salama, D.E., Elbashir, S.B., Khojali, M.O., Babiker, R.A., Elmusharaf, K. and Homeida, M.M. (2015) Causes of End Stage Renal Failure among Haemodialysis Patients in Khartoum State/Sudan. BMC Research Notes, 8, 502. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1509-x
[4]
Ataga, K.I., Derebail, V.K. andArcher, D.R. (2014) The Glomerulopathy of Sickle Cell Disease. American Journal of Hematology, 89, 907-914. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23762
[5]
Powars, D.R., Elliott-Mills, D.D., Chan, L., Niland, J., Hiti, A.L., Opas, L.M. and Johnson, C. (1991) Chronic Renal Failure in Sickle Cell Disease: Risk Factors, Clinical Course, and Mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine, 115, 614-620.
[6]
Platt, O.S., Brambilla, D.J., Rosse, W.F., Milner, P.F., Castro, O., Steinberg, M.H. and Klug, P.P. (1994) Mortality in Sickle Cell Disease. Life Expectancy and Risk Factors for Early Death. The New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 1639-1644. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199406093302303
[7]
Alvarez, O., Montane, B., Lopez, G., Wilkinson, J. and Miller, T. (2006) Early Blood Transfusions Protect against Microalbuminuria in Children with Sickle Cell Disease. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 47, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.20645
[8]
Iwalokun, B.A., Iwalokun, S.O., Hodonu, S.O., Aina, O.A. and Agomo, P.U. (2012) Evaluation of Microalbuminuria in Relation to Asymptomatic Bacteruria in Nigerian Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 23, 1320-1330.
[9]
Falk, R.J., Scheinman, J., Phillips, G., Orringer, E., Johnson, A. and Jennette, J.C. (1992) Prevalence and Pathologic Features of Sickle Cell Nephropathy and Response to Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. The New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 910-915. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199204023261402
[10]
Bhathena, D.B. and Sondheimer, J.H. (1991) The Glomerulopathy of Homozygous Sickle Hemoglobin (SS) Disease: Morphology and Pathogenesis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 1, 1241-1252.
[11]
Maigne, G., Ferlicot, S., Galacteros, F., Belenfant, X., Ulinski, T., Niaudet, P., Ronco, P., Godeau, B., Durrbach, A., Sahali, S., et al. (2010) Glomerular Lesions in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease. Medicine, 89, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0b013e3181ca59b6
[12]
Aleem, A. (2008) Renal Abnormalities in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Single Center Report from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 19, 194-199.
[13]
Sesso, R., Almeida, M.A., Figueiredo, M.S. and Bordin, J.O. (1998) Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Trait. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 31, 1257-1262. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1998001000004
[14]
Alhwiesh, A. (2014) An Update on Sickle Cell Nephropathy. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 25, 249-265. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.128495
[15]
Yeruva, S.L., Paul, Y., Oneal, P. and Nouraie, M. (2016) Renal Failure in Sickle Cell Disease: Prevalence, Predictors of Disease, Mortality and Effect on Length of Hospital Stay. Hemoglobin, 40, No. 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630269.2016.1224766
