1990~2010年三岔河流域生态系统土壤保持功能变化
Changes in Soil Conservation Service of Ecosystems from 1990 to 2010 in Sancha River Basin, China

DOI: 10.12677/GSER.2016.53022, PP. 210-219

Keywords: 三岔河流域，InVEST模型，土壤保持，土地利用变化
Sancha River Basin, InVEST Model, Soil Conservation, Land Use Change

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

土壤侵蚀已经成为威胁人类社会生存和发展的全球性问题。在中国喀斯特山区，地质环境脆弱，生态敏感度高，土壤侵蚀严重。研究该区域生态系统的土壤保持功能变化，对于评估喀斯特山区生态系统恢复效果，促进该区域的自然与经济协调发展有重要意义。本文以贵州三岔河流域为研究区，基于InVEST模型土壤保持模块，评估了三岔河流域1990~2010年生态系统的土壤保持量，探索了三岔河流域土壤保持功能的时空变化，揭示了不同土地利用类型的土壤保持能力。研究表明，1990~2010年三岔河流域土壤保持总量增加了0.33 × 108 t/a，增长率达到了12.03%，平均土壤保持量增加了68.59 t/(hm²？a)。不同土地利用类型的年平均土壤保持量变化有明显差异，其中建设用地的增长率最高，为15.88%，草地和耕地的增长率其次，分别为12.86%、12.30%，林地和未利用地的增长率相对较小，分别为10.92%、10.02%。
Soil erosion has become a global issue threatening the survival and development of human society. The Karst mountain areas of China have fragile geological environment, high ecological sensitivity and serious soil erosion. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the change of soil conservation ser-vice of ecosystem in Karst mountain area, which is benefit for assessing the stability of the ecosys-tem and for promoting the harmonious development of nature and economy. This paper evaluated the soil conservation function of ecosystem in Sancha River Basin of Guizhou from 1990 to 2010 based on the SDR module of InVEST model. The spatio-temporal variation and capability of different land use types of soil conservation in Sancha River Basin were also analyzed. It was found that: From 1990 to 2010, the total soil conservation increased by 0.33 × 108 t/a, with a growth rate of 12.02% the average soil conservation increased 68.28 t/(hm²？a). Significant differences in average soil conservation emerged in different land use types. Construction land has the highest growth rate (15.88%), followed by grassland (12.86%), cultivated land (12.30%), forest (10.92%) and unused land (10.02%).

References

[1]	刘彦随. 中国土地资源研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(1): 127-133.
[2]	宋伟, 陈百明, 陈曦炜, 等. 农业资源利用效率的重新诠释与评价——以江苏省常熟市和江西省泰和县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(3): 319-326.
[3]	Song, W. (2014) Decoupling Cultivated Land Loss by Construction Occupation from Economic Growth in Beijing. Habitat International, 43, 198-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.03.002
[4]	张虹波, 刘黎明. 土地资源生态安全研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2006, 25(5): 77-85.
[5]	Song, W., Deng, X., Yuan, Y., Wang, Z. and Li, Z.H. (2015) Im-pacts of Land-Use Change on Valued Ecosystem Service in Rapidly Urbanized North China Plain. Ecological Modelling, 318, 245-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.01.029
[6]	Song, W. and Deng, X.Z. (2015) Effects of Urbanization-Induced Cul-tivated Land Loss on Ecosystem Services in the North China Plain. Energies, 8, 5678-5693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8065678
[7]	韩赜, 宋伟, 牟凤云. 1988~2008年青海湖生态服务功能对于土地利用变化的响应[J]. Geographical Science Research, 2015, 4(4): 180-191.
[8]	Han, Z., Song, W. and Deng, X.Z. (2016) Responses of Ecosystem Service to Land Use Change in Qinghai Province. Energies, 9, 303.
[9]	姚华荣, 杨志峰, 崔保山. GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析[J]. 地理研究, 2006, 25(3): 421-429.
[10]	Song, W., Deng, X., Liu, B., et al. (2015) Impacts of Grain-for-Green and Grain-for-Blue Policies on Valued Ecosystem Services in Shandong Province, China. Advances in Meteorology, 2015, Article ID: 213534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/213534
[11]	张科利, 彭文英, 杨红丽. 中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J]. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(1): 7-13.
[12]	俱战省, 安邦, 严冬春，等. 三峡库区小流域修正通用土壤流失方程适用性分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015(5): 121-131.
[13]	Wischmeier, W.H. and Smith, D.D. (1978) Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses—A Guide to Conservation Planning. United States Department of Agriculture.
[14]	陈龙, 谢高地, 裴厦, 等. 澜沧江流域生态系统土壤保持功能及其空间分布[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(8): 2249- 2256.
[15]	马志尊. 应用卫星影象估算通用土壤流失方程各因子值方法的探讨[J]. 中国水土保持, 1989(3): 24-27.
[16]	游松财, 李文卿. GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算——以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 1999, 14(1): 62-68.
[17]	Ozcan, A.U., Erpul, G., Basaran, M. and Erdogan, H.E. (2007) Use of USLE/GIS Technology Integrated with Geostatistics to Assess Soil Erosion Risk in Different Land Uses of Indagi Mountain Pass—？ank？r？, Turkey. Environmental Geology, 53, 1731-1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0779-6
[18]	许月卿, 蔡运龙. 土壤侵蚀经济损失分析及价值估算——以贵州省猫跳河流域为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(4): 470-474.
[19]	Ghosh, K., De, S.K., Bandyopadhyay, S. and Saha, S. (2013) Assessment of Soil Loss of the Dhalai River Basin, Tripura, India Using USLE. International Journal of Geosciences, 4, 11-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.41002
[20]	Dabral, P.P., Baithuri, N. and Pandey, A. (2008) Soil Erosion Assessment in a Hilly Catchment of North Eastern India Using USLE, GIS and Remote Sensing. Water Resources Management, 22, 1783-1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9253-9
[21]	肖玉, 谢高地, 安凯. 青藏高原生态系统土壤保持功能及其价值[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(11): 2367-2378.
[22]	冯磊, 孙保平, 李锦荣, 等. GIS方法和USLE模型在退耕还林区土壤侵蚀动态变化评价中的运用——以甘肃定西市安定区为例[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2011(6): 82-85.
[23]	胡胜, 曹明明, 刘琪, 等. 不同视角下InVEST模型的土壤保持功能对比[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(12): 2393-2406.
[24]	杨园园, 戴尔阜, 付华. 基于InVEST模型的生态系统服务功能价值评估研究框架[J]. 首都师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2012, 33(3): 41-47.
[25]	Rife, T.L. (2010) Modeling the Value of Ecosystem Services: Application to Soil Loss in Southeastern Allegheny County.
[26]	Ren, J., Wang, Y., Fu, B., et al. (2011) Soil Conservation Assessment in the Upper Yangtze River Basin Based on Invest Model.
[27]	李婷, 刘康, 胡胜, 等. 基于InVEST模型的秦岭山地土壤流失及土壤保持生态效益评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(9): 1242-1250.
[28]	王荣, 蔡运龙. 西南喀斯特地区退化生态系统整治模式[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(4): 1070-1080.
[29]	熊康宁, 池永宽. 中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J]. 生态经济, 2015, 31(1): 23-30.
[30]	苏维词, 朱文孝, 熊康宁. 贵州喀斯特山区的石漠化及其生态经济治理模式[J]. 中国岩溶, 2002, 21(1): 19-24.
[31]	苏维词, 朱文孝. 贵州喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性分析[J]. 山地学报, 2000, 18(5): 429-434.
[32]	苏维词. 贵州喀斯特山区的土壤侵蚀性退化及其防治[J]. 中国岩溶, 2001, 20(3): 217-223.
[33]	林昌虎, 朱安国. 贵州喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀与防治[J]. 水土保持研究, 1999, 6(2): 109-113.
[34]	Wischmeier, W.H. (1965) Predicting Rainfall-Erosion Losses from Cropland East of the Rocky Mountains: A Guide to Conservation Planning.
[35]	Williams, J.R. and Arnold, J.G. (1997) A System of Erosion—Sediment Yield Models. Soil Technology, 11, 43-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0933-3630(96)00114-6
[36]	Liu, B.Y. (1994) Slope Gradient Effects on Soil Loss for Steep Slopes. Transactions of the ASAE, 37, 1835-1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28273

Full-Text