Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis are zoonotic, emerging and under diagnosed diseases. Pets may be co-infected by multiple pathogens and become transmissions sources to humans. The study reports the first case of active co-infection by Brazilian spotted fever and bartonellosis based on serological evidence. The authors aim to demonstrate the importance of performing systematic syndromic investigations on nonspecific febrile syndromes, guided by the epidemiological history and considering the possibility of co-infection by zoonosis sharing the same ecological niche.
References
[1]
Lemos, E.R., Alvarenga, F.B., Cintra, M.L., Ramos, M.C., Paddock, C.D., Ferebee, T.L., et al. (2001) Spotted Fever in Brazil: A Seroepidemiological Study and Description of Clinical Cases in an Endemic Area in the State of São Paulo. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65, 329-334.
[2]
Barros e Silva, P.M.R., Pereira, S.C., Fonseca, L.X., Maniglia, F.V.P., Oliveira, S.V. and de Caldas, E.P. (2014) Febre maculosa: uma análise epidemiológica dos registros do sistema de vigilancia do Brasil. Scientia Plena, 10, 1-9.
[3]
Centro de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo (2012) Febre Maculosa na Região do Grande ABC (Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil), de 1998 a 2011.Vol. 2.
[4]
Centro de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo (2011) Febre Maculosa Brasileira. Suplemento BEPA, 8, 3-31.
[5]
Chomel, B.B. and Kasten, R.W. (2010) Bartonellosis, an Increasingly Recognized Zoonosis. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109, 743-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04679.x
[6]
Stützer, B. and Hartmann, K. (2012) Chronic Bartonellosis in Cats: What Are the Potential Implications? Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14, 612-621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612X12458208
[7]
Kordick, S.K., Breitschwerdt, E.B., Hegarty, B.C., Southwick, K.L., Colitz, C.M. and Hancock, S.I. (1999) Coinfection with Multiple Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Walker Hound Kennel in North Carolina. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37, 2631-2638.
[8]
Suksawat, J., Yu, X.J., Hancock, S.I., Hegarty, B.C., Nilkumhang, P. and Breitschwerdt, E.B. (2001) Serologic and Molecular Evidence of Coinfection with Multiple Vector-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Thailand. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 15, 453-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01574.x
[9]
Sofer, S., Gutiérrez, R., Morick, D., Mumcuoglu, K.Y. and Harrus, S. (2015) Molecular Detection of Zoonotic Bartonellae (B. henselae, B. elizabethae and B. rochalimae) in Fleas Collected from Dogs in Israel. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 29, 344-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12116
[10]
Kumsa, B., Parola, P., Raoult, D. and Socolovschi, C. (2014) Molecular Detection of Rickettsia felis and Bartonella henselae in Dog and Cat Fleas in Central Oromia, Ethiopia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90, 457-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0010
[11]
Fecols, C.C. (1999) The Incidence of Ehrlichial and Rickettsial Infection in Patients with Unexplained Fever and Recent History of Tick Bite in Central North Carolina. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180, 900-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314954
[12]
Nascimento, M.M. and Silva, L.J. (2010) Brazilian Spotted Fever: Comparative Evaluation of Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and Polymerasechainreaction (PCR) Methodology in Human Serum Samples from Endemic Areas of São Paulo State. BEPA, Boletim Epidemiológico Paulista (Online), 7, 29-30.
