During recent decades, tunnels construction in urban environments has been recognized as a useful factor in improving transportation situation in cities. Construction of underground structures like tunnels has a direct impact on the above-ground structures. The most important impacts are soil crust movement of the structure movement), acceleration change of the earthquake on structures, and land subsidence. The present research aims at seismic evaluation of the effect of soil type in land subsidence and effective mobility time in tunneling projects. For this purpose, two different soil types are chosen to model and assess factors using numerical methods. The outcome of this research concludes that tunneling changes in the dominant frequency record if these changes reach to the extent that structure frequency equals to record frequency, resonance phenomenon happens.
References
[1]
Dowding, C.H. and Rozen, A. (1978) Damage to Rock Tunnels from Earthquake Shaking. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 104, 175-191.
[2]
Massumi, A. and Tabatabaiefar, H.R. (2007) Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on Seismic Behavior of Ductile Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames. World Housing Congress on Affordable Quality Housing (WHC2007): Challenges and Issues in the Provision of Shelter for All, China, January 2007.
[3]
St-John, C.M. and Zahrah, T.F. (1987) Asiesmic Design of Underground Sructures. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2, 165-197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(87)90011-3
[4]
Cilingir, U. and Madabhushi, S.G. (2011) A Model Study on the Effects of Input Motion on the Seismic Behaviour of Tunnels. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31, 452-462.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.10.004
[5]
Abuhajar, O., El Naggar, H. and Newson, T. (2011) Effects of Underground Structures on Amplification of Seismic Motion for Sand with Varying Density. Pan-Am CGS Geotechnical Conference, Toronto, 6 October 2011.
[6]
Rostami, A., Alielahi, H., Zare, M. and Haghighi, K. (2016) Frequency and Surface Slope’s Effects on the Surface Displacement by Drilling Shallow and Deep Tunnels under Dynamic Loads. Open Journal of Marine Science, 6, 353-370.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2016.63030
[7]
Rostami, A., Kamali-Dehkordi, P., Askari-Ziarati, M, Jahani, S. and Lotfi, K. (2016) The Types of Tunnel Maintenancein Umbrella Arch Method. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 6, 156-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2016.62014
[8]
Musivand, M. and Asgari Ziyarati, M. (2014) Effect of Earth Surface Slope and Frequency on Earth Surface Movements Resulted by Digging Deep Tunnels under Harmonic Dynamic Loads. The 1st Architectural Conference, Urban Civil and Environment, Hamedan, 1 March 2014.
[9]
Musivand, M. and ASgari Ziyarati, M. (2014) Effects of Frequency and Earth Slope on Earth Surface Movement by Digging Low-Deep Tunnels under Dynamic Loads. The 1st Constructing Conference of Civil Projects Evaluation and Construction, Gorgan, 1 May 2014.
[10]
Rostami, A., Asghari, N., Askari Ziarati, M., Jahani, S. and Shahi, B. (2016) Investigating Effect of Tunnel Gate Shapes with Similar Cross Section on Inserted Forces on Its Coverage and Soil Surface Settlement. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 6, 358-369.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2016.63030
[11]
Rostami, A., Askari-Ziarati, M., Jahani, S. and Shahi, B. (2016) Evaluation of Seismic Behavior and Earth’s Surface Acceleration, by Interaction of Tunnels with Different Shapes and Different Types of Soils. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 6, 242-253.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2016.62022
[12]
Alielahi, H., Kamalian, M. and Adampira, M. (2015) Seismic Ground Amplification by Unlined Tunnels Subjected to Vertically Propagating SV and P Waves Using BEM. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 71, 63-79.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.01.007
[13]
Iwan, W.D., Huang, C.T. and Guyader, A.C. (2000) Important Features of the Response of Inelastic Structures to Near-Field Ground Motion. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand, Paper No. 1740.
[14]
Krawinkler, H., Medina, R. and Alavi, B. (2003) Seismic Drift and Ductility Demands and Their Dependence on Ground Motions. Engineering Structures, 25, 637-653.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00174-8
[15]
Galal, K. and Naimi, M. (2008) Effect of Conditions on the Response of Reinforced Concrete Tall Structures to Near Fault Earthquakes. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 17, 541-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.365
[16]
El Ganainy, H. and El Naggar, M.H. (2009) Seismic Performance of Three-Dimensional Frame Structures with Underground Stories. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 1249-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.02.003
[17]
Tabatabaiefar, H.R. and Massumi, A. (2010) A Simplified Method to Determine Seismic Responses of Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Building Frames under Influence of Soil-Structure Interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30, 1259-1267.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.05.008
[18]
Tavakoli, H.R., Naeej, M. and Salari, A. (2011) Response of RC Structures Subjected to Near Fault and Far Fault Earthquake Motions Considering Soil-Structure Interaction. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 1, 881-896.
[19]
Afifipour, M., Sharifzadeh, M., Shahriar, K. and Jamshidi, H. (2011) Interaction of Twin Tunnels and Shallow Foundation at Zand Underpass, Shiraz Metro, Iran. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 26, 356-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.11.006