Organic volatiles and
particulate emissions from the combustion of tire are believed to contain
eco-toxic substances including polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and various reactive radical species which may
initiate serious respiratory ailments such as asthma and lung tumors. This study investigates
the nature and toxicological effects of particulate soot from tire burning. To simulate environmental
pollution, 12-week-old
male albino mice were exposed to tire particulate emissions at a rate of ~250 μgm﹣3·day﹣1 and their lung tissues were extracted for bioassay analyses. Comparisons were
made between the lung tissues of mice exposed to the particulate emissions, and
the control mouse in order to determine the health impact of particulates on
the functioning of the lung soft tissue. The thermal degradation profile of
tire was also investigated in the temperature range 200℃ - 500℃ and found that the
highest mass loss was between 300℃ and 450℃. Organic volatiles were
determined using a Gas Chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector
(MSD). Size distribution of soot particles was determined using Scanning electron
microscope (SEM). Evidently,
there was swelling and shrinking of lung tissue cells as a result of exposure
to tire particulate emissions which caused disconnection of tissues and damage
to the blood capillaries within the lung alveoli and microphages. Organic
volatiles detected from tire combustion include benzene, anthracene, fluorene
and pyrene. Soot particulate average sizes were found to be 16.23 ± 3.36 μm. Tire particulates caused
grave damage to the lung tissues of the mice. These effects may be attributed
to toxic organic volatiles as well as particulate emissions which may contain reactive active radicals
and toxic organic intermediates and thus cause grave damage to the lung tissues
of the mice.
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