Typically, dual-frequency geodetic grade GNSS
receivers are utilized for positioning applications that require high accuracy.
Single-frequency high grade receivers can be used to minimize the expenses of
such dual-frequency receivers. However, user has to consider the resultant
positioning accuracy. Since the evolution of low-cost single-frequency (LCSF)
receivers is typically cheaper than single-frequency high grade
receivers, it is possible to obtain comparable positioning accuracy if the
corresponding observables are accurately modelled. In this paper, two LCSF GPS
receivers are used to form short baseline. Raw GPS measurements are recorded
for several consecutive days. The collected data are used
to develop the stochastic model of GPS observables from such receivers.
Different functions are tested to determine the best fitting model which is
found to be 3 parameters exponential decay function. The new developed model is
used to process different data sets and the results are compared against the
traditional model. Both results from the newly developed and the traditional
models are compared with the reference solution obtained from dual-frequency
receiver. It is shown that the newly developed model improves the root-mean-square of the estimated horizontal coordinates by about 10% and
improves the root-mean-square of the up component by about 39%.
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