Hematological emergencies are defined as acute life-threatening conditions in hematological diseases due to benign blood disorders or hematological malignancies or as a result of its treatment. This article deals of the most common emergencies encountered by hematologists. Emerging clinical situations, predictable or not, are common in the treatment of hematological diseases. However, the rapid development of new targeted drugs in cancer medicine has led to an increase in chronically ill cancer and hematology patients, who are being treated aggressively despite significant comorbidities and higher age. This development will lead to an increase in the number of hematologic emergencies, and these patients will be seen by various specialists. The knowledge of most hematological emergencies is crucial in daily practice. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical with an emphasis on the early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions that can significantly affect the patient’s clinical outcome.
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