Nanoparticles of Fe3O4 and Fe are chemically synthesized by reduction of Fe(acac)3 using ascorbic acid in controlled condition. It was observed that addition of water during the chemical synthesis process yields Fe3O4 nanoparticles, whereas if the reaction is carried out in absence of water yields Fe nanoparticles—which get oxidized upon exposure to air atmosphere. Fe3O4 (15 ± 5 nm) and Fe/iron oxide nanoparticles (7 ± 1 nm) were successfully synthesized in the comparative study reported herewith. Mechanism for formation/synthesis of Fe3O4 and Fe/iron oxide nanoparticles is proposed herewith in which added water acts as an oxygen supplier. Physico-chemical characterization done by SEM, TEM, EDAX, and XPS supports the proposed mechanism.
References
[1]
Yang, T., Shen, C., Yang, H., Xiao, C., Xu, Z., Chen, S., Shi, D. and Gao, H. (2006) Synthesis, Characterization and Self-Assemblies of Magnetite Nanoparticle. Surface and Interface Analysis, 38, 1063-1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.2329
[2]
Ghandoor, H., Zidan, H., Khalil, M. and Ismail, M. (2012) Synthesis and Some Physical Properties of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7, 5734-5745.
[3]
Akbarzadeh, A., Samiei, M. and Davaran, S. (2012) Magnetic Nanoparticles: Preparation, Physical Properties, and Applications in Biomedicines. Nanoscale Research Letters, 7, 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-144
[4]
Durdureanu-Angheluta, A., Pinteala, M. and Simionescu, B.C. (2012) Tailored and Functionalized Magnetic Particles for Biomedical and Industrial Applications. In: Hutagalung S.D., Ed., Material Science and Technology, In Tech, Rijeka (Croatia), 149-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/30217
[5]
Singamaneni, S., Bliznyuk, V., Binek, C. and Tsymbal, E. (2011) Magnetic Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 16819-16845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1jm11845e
[6]
Blaney, L. (2007) Magnetite (Fe3O4): Properties, Synthesis and Applications. The Lehigh Review, 15, 33.
[7]
Sun, S. and Zeng, H. (2002) Size-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 8204-8205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja026501x
[8]
Kurchania, R., Sawant, S. and Ball, R. (2014) Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Core-Shell Composite Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 97, 3208-3215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.13108
[9]
Lu, X., Niu, M., Qiao, R. and Gao, M. (2008) Superdispersible PVP-Coated Fe3O4 Nanocrystals Prepared by a “One-Pot” Reaction. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 112, 14390-14394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp8025072
[10]
Mukhopadhyay, A., Joshi, N., Chattopadhyay, K. and De, G. (2012) A Facile Synthesis of PEG-Coated Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles and Their Prevention of the Reduction of Cytochrome C. Applied Materials & Interfaces, 4, 142-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am201166m
[11]
Zhang, L., He, R. and Gu, H. (2006) Oleic Acid Coating on the Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science, 253, 2611-2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.05.023
[12]
Zhou, C., Zhang, W., Xia, M., Zhou, W., Wan, Q., Peng, K. and Zou, B. (2013) Synthesis of Poly(acrylic acid) Coated-Fe3O4 Superparamagnetic Nano-Composites and Their Fast Removal of Dye from Aqueous Solution. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 13, 4627-4633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2013.6886
[13]
Daou, T., Pourroy, G., Colin, S., Greneche, J., Bouillet, C., Legare, P., Bernhardt, P., Leuvrey, C. and Rogez, G. (2006) Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticles. Chemistry of Materials, 18, 4399-4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm060805r
[14]
Mascolo, M., Pei, Y. and Ring, T. (2013) Room Temperature Co-Precipitation Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles in a Large pH Window with Different Bases. Materials, 6, 5549-5567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma6125549
[15]
Lopez, J., Gonzalez, F., Bonilla, F., Zambrano, G. and Gomez, M. (2010) Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluid. Revista Latinoamericana de Metalurgia y Materiales, 30, 60-66.
[16]
Das, M., Dhak, P., Gupta, S., Mishra, D., Maiti, T., Basak, A. and Pramanik, P. (2010) Highly Biocompatible and Water Dispersible Amine Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles, Prepared by a Low Temperature, Air Assisted Polyol Process: A New Platform for Bio-Separation and Diagnostics. Nanotechnology, 21, Article ID: 125103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125103
[17]
Senthil, M. and Ramesh, C. (2012) Biogenic Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Tridax Procumbens Leaf Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity on Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures, 7, 1655-1660.
[18]
Alagu Sundaram, P., Augustine, R. and Kannan, M. (2012) Extracellular Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis Strains Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 17, 835-840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12257-011-0582-9
[19]
Angermann, A. and Topfer, J. (2008) Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition of Ferrous Oxalate Dehydrate. Journal of Materials Science, 43, 5123-5130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2738-3
[20]
Zhao, F., Zhang, B. and Feng, L. (2012) Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles. Materials Letters, 68, 112-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.09.116
[21]
Shi, R.R., Gao, G.H., Yi, R., Zhou, K.C., Qiu, G.Z. and Liu, X.H. (2009) Controlled Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 27, 739-744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.200990122
[22]
Wang, L. and Jiang, J. (2009) Preparation of Fe3O4 Spherical Nanoporous Particles Facilitated by Polyethylene Glycol 4000. Nanoscale Research Letters, 4, 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9417-4
[23]
Qiu, G., Wang, Q. and Nie, M. (2006) Polypyrrole-Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite Prepared by Ultrasonic Irradiation. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 291, 68-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200500285
[24]
Abedini, A., Daud, A.R., Abdul Hamid, M.A. and Kamil Othman, N. (2014) Radiolytic Formation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: Influence of Radiation Dose on Structure and Magnetic Properties. PLoS ONE, 9, e90055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090055
[25]
Xu, J., Yang, H., Fu, W., Du, K., Sui, Y., Chen, J., Zeng, Y., Li, M. and Zou, G. (2007) Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 309, 307-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.07.037
[26]
Lemine, O., Omri, K., Zhang, B., El Mirb, L., Sajieddine, M., Alyamani, A. and Bououdina, M. (2012) Sol-Gel Synthesis of 8 nm Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles and Their Mag-netic Properties. Superlattices and Microstructures, 52, 793-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.07.009
[27]
Huber, D. (2005) Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles. Small, 1, 482-501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500006
[28]
Peng, S., Wang, C., Xie, J. and Sun, S. (2006) Synthesis and Stabilization of Monodisperse Fe Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 10676-10677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja063969h
[29]
Prabu, D. and Parthiban, R. (2013) Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3, 181-184.
[30]
Martinez, G., Malumbres, A., Mallada, R., Hueso, J., Irusta, S., Bomati-Miguel, O. and Santamaria, J. (2012) Use of a Polyol Liquid Collection Medium to Obtain Ultrasmall Magnetic Nanoparticles by Laser Pyrolysis. Nanotechnology, 23, Article ID: 425605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/42/425605
[31]
Sun, Y.P., Li, X.Q., Zhang, W.X. and Wang, H.P. (2007) A Method for the Preparation of Stable Dispersion of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 308, 60-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.029
[32]
Sun, Y., Li, X., Cao, J., Zhang, W. and Wang, H. (2006) Characterization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 120, 47-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2006.03.001
[33]
Watson, S., Mohamed, H., Horrocksa, B. and Houlton, A. (2013) Electrically Conductive Magnetic Nanowires Using an Electrochemical DNA-Templating Route. Nanoscale, 5, 5349-5359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00716b
[34]
Nene, A.G., Takahashi, M., Somani, P.R., Aryal, H., Wakita, K. and Umeno, M. (2016) Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite. Carbon—Science and Technology, 8, 13-24.
