In current research on open innovation, the impact of innovative openness on the effect of innovation capability on corporate operating performance has been ignored. This paper uses hierarchical linear regression model with financial data of 137 listed enterprises in Chinese Stock Exchanges to study the moderate effect of openness on relationship of innovation capability and operating performance. The result shows that the internal innovation capability and absorption capability can significantly affect the operating performance, but the effect of technology acquisition and diffusion capability is remarkable only under the moderation of openness. Meanwhile, innovative openness negatively impacts the effect of internal innovation capability on the operating performance, and positively impacts the effect of absorptive ability. Finally, this paper provides some suggestions for helping enterprise’s implementation of open innovation strategy based on their own capabilities.
References
[1]
Spithoven, A., Clarysse, B. and Knockaert, M. (2009) Building Absorptive Capacity to Organise Inbound Open Innovation in Traditional Industries. Technovation, 311, 10-21.
[2]
Ye, J. and Kankanhalli, A. (2013) Exploring Innovation through Open Networks: A Review and Initial Research Questions. IIMB Management Review, 2, 69-82.
[3]
Chesbrough, H. (2003) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting, from Technology. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
[4]
Chen, Y.F. and Chen, J. (2009) A Study on the Mechanism of Open Innovation Promoting Innovative Performance. Science Research Management, 4, 1-9+28.
[5]
Kyläheiko, K., Jantunen, A., Puumalainen, K., Saarenketo, S. and Tuppura, A. (2010) Innovation and Internationalization as Growth Strategies: The Role of Technological Capabilities and Appropriability. International Business Review, 205, 508-520.
[6]
Li, P., Chen, H.H. and Liu, Y.M. (2014) An Empirical Study on Innovation Openness under the Open Innovation Model. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 1, 10-15.
[7]
Yesil, S., Koska, A. and Büyükbese, T. (2013) Knowledge Sharing Process, Innovation Capability and Innovation Performance: An Empirical Study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 217-225.
[8]
Yun, J., Ma, W.J. and Chen, L. (2012) The Interaction Effect of Openness and Network Capability on Innovation Performance. Science Research Management, 7, 8-15.
[9]
Gu, X.M. and Ren, A.L. (2011) Research on the Impact on Innovation Performance by Enterprise’s Learning Capacity and Open Innovation Interaction. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 12, 79-82.
[10]
Wallin, M.W. and Von Krogh, G. (2010) Organizing for Open Innovation: Focus on the Integration of Knowledge. Organizational Dynamics, 39, 145-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2010.01.010
[11]
Hagedorm, J. and Wang, N. (2012) Is There Complementarity or Substitutability between Internal and External R&D Strategies? Research Policy, 41, 1072-1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.02.012
[12]
Wei, Y.C. and Li, K. (2010) Empirical Analysis on Development Trend and Determinants of International Competitiveness in China Manufacturing. Journal of International Trade, 3, 99-104.
[13]
He, J.H. and He, C.Z. (2012) Research on the Impact on Technological Capacity and Innovation Strategy on Innovation Performance. Soft Science, 8, 113-117.
[14]
Li, Q.W. (2011) The Research on the Impact of High-Tech Entrepreneurial Innovative Capability on Business Performance. Master’s Thesis, Anhui University, Hefei.
[15]
Wang, T.N. and Tu, Y.M. (2012) Influence of Technology Innovation Capacity on Enterprise’s Performance under Regulation of Management Innovation Capacity. Technology Economics, 10, 25-32.
[16]
Mao, W.Q., Chen, J. and Yu, L.J. (2012) Research on the Evaluation Index System of Product and Technology Innovation Capability. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 9, 113-117.
[17]
Tsai, K.-H. and Wang, J.-C. (2007) External Technology Acquisition and Firm Performance: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 91-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.07.002
[18]
Zhang, C.J. and Wei, L. (2007) Research on Internationalization Management Path of Technology Output Oriented Private Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise. Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, 1, 25-28.
[19]
Zhao, W.H. and Liang, Q.Z. (2010) The Study between Technology Acquisition Mode and Firm Performance. Studies in Science of Science, 5, 741-746+776.
[20]
Janeiro, P., Proença, I. and Gonçalves, V. da C. (2013) Open Innovation: Factors Explaining Universities as Service Firm Innovation Sources. Journal of Business Research, 66, 2017-2023.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.027
[21]
Abulrub, A.H.G. and Lee, J. (2012) Open Innovation Management: Challenges and Prospects. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, 130-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.017
[22]
Sui, M.Q. and Li, Y. (2012) An Empirical Study on Factors of Diffusion Performance of New Energy Vehicle Technology under Clustering Perspective. Journal of Systems & Management, 5, 710-715.
[23]
Therrien, P., Doloreux, D. and Chamberlin, T. (2011) Innovation Novelty and (Commercial) Performance in the Service Sector: A Canadian Firm-Level Analysis. Technovation, 31, 655-665.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.07.007
[24]
Tsai, K.H., Hsieh, M.-H. and Hultink, E.J. (2011) External Technology Acquisition and Product Innovativeness: The Moderating Roles of R&D Investment and Configurational Context. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 28, 184-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2011.03.005
[25]
Tang, Y.H. and Wang, S.F. (2012) Research of Network Implant’s Influence on Enterprise. Special Zone Economy, 10, 273-275.
[26]
Wang, Z.W. and Chen, J. (2012) Empirical Research on Dimension Vision and Measurement of Absorptive Capacity. Technology Economics, 9, 7-11.
[27]
Alexander, S., Paul-Georg, G., Henning, T. and Oliver, G. (2013) Models for Open Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Drug Discovery Today, 18, 1133-1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.013
[28]
Ren, A.L. (2011) Research on Relationship between Learning Ability and Open Enterprise Innovation Performances. Statistics & Decision, 14, 182-184.
[29]
Hong, R.Y. (2012) The Synergistic Effect of Relationship Embedding and Absorptive Capacity on Enterprise Knowledge Search—Analysis on the Independent Innovation of Chinese Car Enterprises in the Global Manufacturing Network. Journal of Chongqing University (Social Science Edition), 1, 71-76.
[30]
Tim, E., Riek, D. and Max, M. (2005) Understanding Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Process Manifest. Technovation, 25, 1119-1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.04.005
[31]
Kim, H. and Park, Y. (2010) The Effects of Open Innovation Activity on Performance of SMEs: The Case of Korea. International Journal of Technology Management, 52, 236-256.
[32]
Rosenbusch, N., Brinkmann, J. and Bausch, A. (2011) Is Innovation Always Beneficial? A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Innovation and Performance in SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 441-457.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.12.002
[33]
Kafouros, M.I. and Forsans, N. (2012) The Role of Open Innovation in Emerging Economies: Do Enterprises Profit from the Scientific Knowledge of Others? Journal of World Business, 47, 362-370.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2011.05.004
[34]
Westergren, U.H. and Holmström, J. (2012) Exploring Preconditions for Open Innovation: Value Networks in Industrial Firms. Information and Organization, 22, 209-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2012.05.001
[35]
Li, Z. and Yang, H.T. (2012) The Impact of Absorptive Capacity, Relationship Learning and Knowledge Integration on the Enterprise Innovation Performance. Science Research Management, 1, 79-89.
[36]
Zhang, J., Qi, A.B. and Xiong, Q.Q. (2012) The Antecedents, Absorptive Capacity and Innovation Performance: Empirical Research on the Mediating Effect of Absorptive Capacity. Science of Science and Management of S&T, 5, 29-37.
[37]
Chen, J., Jiang, Z.J. and Chen, Y.F. (2011) The Influencing Factors of Absorptive Capacity under the Paradigm of Open Innovation. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 5, 71-82.
[38]
He, Y.B. and Zeng, Y. (2013) How Open & Indigenous Innovation Affects Industries International Competitiveness: An Empirical Study on Chinese Manufacturing Industries Based on the Panel Data from the Year 2000 to 2010. Science of Science and Management of S&T, 3, 13-22.
[39]
Mitchell, W. and Singh, K. (1992) Incumbents’ Use of Pre-Entry Alliances before Expansion into New Technical Sub-Fields of an Industry. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 18, 347-372.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(92)90015-4
[40]
Clark, K.B. (1989) Project Scope and Project Performance: The Effect of Parts Strategy and Supplier Involvement on Product Development. Management Science, 35, 1247-1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.10.1247
[41]
Chen, Y.F. and Chen, J. (2009) A Study on the Mechanism of Open Innovation Promoting Innovative Performance. Science Research Management, 4, 1-9+28.
[42]
Laursen, K. and Salter, A. (2006) Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance among UK Manufacturing Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27, 131-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.507
[43]
Su, H.-N. and Lee, P.-C. (2012) Framing the Structure of Global Open Innovation Research. Journal of Informetrics, 6, 202-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2011.12.001
[44]
Ni, Z.Y. and Liu, Q. (2013) Research on the Enterprise Technology Innovation Capacity under the New Model of Open Innovation. Soft Science, 10, 59-63.
[45]
Bar, T. and Leiponen, A. (2012) A Measure of Technological Distance. Economics Letters, 116, 457-459.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.04.030
[46]
Chen, J., Liang, L. and Wu, H. (2013) Industrial Agglomeration and Innovation Performance under the Background of Open Innovation: Evidence from Chinese High-Tech Industries. Studies in Science of Science, 4, 623-629+577.
[47]
Yang, J.W. (2007) Research on Technological Innovation Capability of Open Innovation Model. The Theory and Practice of Finance and Economics, 2, 98-102.
[48]
Wang, W.-H., Zhang, Z. and Huang, Q. (2015) The Dual Effects of External Technology on Firm Performance—An Empirical Research of Nonlinear Perspective. Collected Essays on Finance and Economics, 1, 84-91.
[49]
Raghuram, R. and Luigi, Z. (2004) Making Capitalism Work for Everyone. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 16, 101-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2004.tb00677.x
[50]
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-silanes, F., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (2002) Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation. Journal of Finance, 57, 1147-1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00457
[51]
Roper, S., Vahter, P. and Love, J.H. (2013) Externalities of Openness in Innovation. Research Policy, 42, 1544-1554.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.05.006
