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3株石油降解红球菌(rhodococcusspp.)特性及相关基因分析

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2015.01063, PP. 805-812

Keywords: 石油,红球菌,16srdna,gc-ms,降解基因

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Abstract:

为丰富石油降解微生物菌种库,筛选更加高效、适应性更强的降解菌株,从西部荒漠地区石油污染土壤中分离石油降解菌,经细菌形态学、生理生化及16srdna序列分析进行鉴定,采用紫外分光光度法和气相色谱质谱联用(gc-ms)研究菌株生长及降解特性,利用pcr检测石油烃代谢相关基因.结果显示,分离的3株石油降解菌株kb1、2182和jc3-47在含油培养基中培养3d后,石油降解率分别为41.02%、32.26%和55.90%,3株菌均属于红球菌属(rhodococcusspp.),其中kb1与红平红球菌(rhodococcuserythropolis)、2182与马红球菌(rhodococcusequi)、jc3-47与庆笙红球菌(rhodococcusqingshengii)的16srdna序列相似性分别均为100%,初步确定3株菌属于红平红球菌、马红球菌和庆笙红球菌.在温度10-50℃,ph3-9,盐度为0-5.0%条件下菌株能很好生长,kb1和2182的最适生长温度为35℃,jc3-47最适温度为30℃,kb1和2182还可在ph2和9.0%盐度的极端条件下生长.菌株能以十二烷、十八烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和萘为唯一碳源生长,其中kb1和jc3-47还能在含芘的培养基生长.gc-ms分析发现3株菌对中链及长链烷烃都具有较强降解能力,能产生表面活性剂,对十六烷具有一定粘附能力.利用特异性pcr扩增,在3株菌中均检测到烷烃单加氧酶基因、芳香烃双加氧酶基因和邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因,在kb1和2182中还检测出联苯双加氧酶基因.本研究表明,3株红球菌具有较强石油降解能力,适应性强,可用于高盐、低温等极端环境石油污染土壤的生物修复.

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