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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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卤代烷烃脱卤酶及其对芥子气的降解研究进展
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2015.04028, PP. 842-847
Keywords: 卤代烷烃脱卤酶,糜烂性毒剂,催化降解,洗消,晶体结构,催化水解机制
Abstract:
芥子气（2,2’-二氯乙基硫醚，hd）是一种糜烂性毒剂，具强烈的细胞毒作用，能使皮肤和各种组织起泡、糜烂和坏死.近年来，发现多种微生物酶具催化降解hd功能，其中，卤代烷烃脱卤酶（haloalkanedehalogenases，hlds）（ec3.8.1.5）能够降解hd产生无毒的硫二甘醇，且催化水解的效果最好，成为环境友好地消除hd关注的焦点.本文重点综述具较高水解hd活性hlds，包括linb、dhaa和dmba等的发现与进化关系、立体结构、底物特异性和催化水解特征的最新研究成果，以及这些酶在降解hd领域当前和未来潜在的应用.分析表明这些hlds虽然归属于同一进化亚家族，但具不同的底物特异性；而这些hlds一致的催化三元体空间结构决定了它们分享类似的sn2亲核取代催化水解hd的反应机制.此外，针对现有hlds在应用方面存在的如催化水解效率有待提高、稳定性差等诸多问题，提出通过分子生物学、基因工程和固相化修饰等技术加以解决.
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