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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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阿尔泰山小东沟林区植被随地形分布规律
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.10010, PP. 533-539
Keywords: 阿尔泰山,小东沟,植被类型,地形,生境
Abstract:
在高度异质性的山区景观中，地形通过不同生态因子时空分布的影响而成为植被分布的决定性因素.在野外调查的基础上，将植被遥感影像分类图基本像元分别与由dem推算出来的坡度、坡向、海拔和剖面曲率图相叠加，定量分析新疆阿尔泰山小东沟林区不同植被类型分布与地形因子之间的关系.通过遥感影像并结合地面调查数据，可将阿尔泰山小东沟林区的植被划分为针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌木林和草地5种类型.该区域的地形特征如下：坡度以斜陡坡为主，占总面积的64.32%；坡向以西南坡最多，其次是东北坡，分别占总面积的15.02%和14.78%，东南坡和南坡所占面积较少，分别占总面积的9.30%和10.20%；海拔以1200-2000m居多，占总面积的87.19%，是整个研究区的主要海拔分布范围；剖面曲率以5-10°面积最多，占总面积33.31%，其次是剖面曲率3-5°和0-3°，分别占总面积的22.84%和22.44%.剖面曲率>10°的区域占总面积比例较小.各植被类型分布频率最高的地形生境因子组合分别为：针叶林是坡度15-35°的斜陡坡，西北坡，海拔1800-2000m，剖面曲率0-3°；阔叶林是坡度15-35°的斜陡坡，西北坡，海拔1400-1600m，剖面曲率5°-10°；针阔混交林是坡度15-35°的斜陡坡，北坡，海拔1600-1800m，剖面曲率5-10°；灌木林是坡度15-35°的斜陡坡，西坡，海拔1400-1600m，剖面曲率5-10°；草地是坡度15-35°的斜陡坡，南坡，海拔1200-1400m，剖面曲率5-10°.研究不同植被类型随地形生境的变化规律可为生物多样性保育宏观规划和森林可持续经营提供重要科学依据.
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