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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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青藏高原腹地青藏苔草草原不同退化程度的植物群落特征
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.01052, PP. 639-645
Keywords: 退化程度,群落组分,植物多样性,青藏苔草草原,高山嵩草,地上生物量
Abstract:
为揭示高寒草地退化演替过程，采用野外调查方法研究了青藏高原腹地青藏苔草（carexmoorcroftii）草原不同退化程度的植物群落特征.结果显示：青藏苔草草原退化过程中优势种从未退化时的青藏苔草演变为轻度和中度退化程度时的青藏苔草和高山嵩草（kobresiapygmaea）并存，重度退化程度时则无明显优势种；主要伴生种表现为湿生植物逐渐消失，中生和旱生毒杂草逐渐增加；植物物种丰富度指数和多样性指数均先增加后降低，中度退化程度最大，此时优质豆科（leguminose）植物入侵，物种更替速率最大，β多样性指数最高.盖度、高度、地上总生物量均明显降低，而禾本科（gramineae）生物量和豆科生物量均先增加后减少，中度退化程度时最大.相关分析表明，青藏苔草草原群落高度、盖度和均匀度指数与初级生产力呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.936（p<0.01）、0.961（p<0.01）和0.743（p<0.05）.说明植物群落组分是青藏苔草草原不同退化程度植物群落结构和生产力变化的核心，在揭示青藏苔草草原逆向演替机制的过程中应注重阐明植物群落组分更替规律.图1表5参30
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