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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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生物菌剂对海上溢油的降解
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2013.00330, PP. 330-334
Keywords: 海洋溢油,生物降解,石油污染,红平红球菌,16srdna
Abstract:
“7？16”大连海洋溢油事件发生后，通过定期向污染近海域投放一种菌剂，10个月后油污的平均去除率达到了58.14%.这种有效降解石油的菌剂（记为sn）是将活性菌种负载在沸石载体上，有利于形成生物膜，加速被污染沙石的净化过程.在实验室条件下研究海上清污过程中使用的负载型菌剂sn在海水和淡水环境下对石油的降解效果，发现菌剂sn在海水中的生长量是淡水中的3-4倍，说明菌剂上负载的菌种更适合在海水环境中生长.12d后海水中石油降解率达到64.22%，而淡水中的石油降解率只有27.68%.通过对沙石表面石油的降解过程进行考察，得知固体菌剂对石油的降解率比液体菌剂高1/3左右，根据液相石油浓度变化推测菌剂sn在对石油的降解过程中可能产生了生物表面活性剂乳化石油.对菌剂sn的主要活性菌种进行分析，从加入菌剂sn的石油降解培养基中筛选出一株优势菌种（记为hs菌），经16srdna序列分析鉴定为红平红球菌种（rhodococcuserythropolis）.结果表明，菌剂sn更适合在海水环境中使用，在海洋溢油污染的治理和潮间带被污染沙石的生物修复方面具有广阔的应用前景.图8表1参21
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