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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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基于宏基因组技术获得的对厌氧氨氧化菌代谢的新理解
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2012.00697, PP. 697-704
Keywords: 宏基因组技术,厌氧氨氧化菌,碳素固定,氮素转化,atp合成
Abstract:
厌氧氨氧化菌（anaerobicammoniumoxidationbacteria，aaob）是化能自养菌，由于其生理代谢的奇异性、细胞结构的特殊性以及对氮素循环的重要性，已成为环境工程、微生物以及海洋生物学等领域的研究热点.然而，aaob未能实现纯培养的现状已成为aaob代谢途径研究的巨大障碍.近年来兴起的宏基因组技术（metagenomics）为aaob代谢途径的研究提供了新手段.采用宏基因组技术，可直接研究微生物群体中某特定微生物基因组的结构与功能，摆脱了传统微生物学研究对纯培养的依赖，使未培养微生物的认识和开发成为可能.本文首先简述获取aaob宏基因组信息的过程，然后通过比较由传统代谢研究方法和宏基因组技术获得的aaob代谢途径的研究成果，论述基于宏基因组技术获得的对aaob代谢的新理解，得出以下结果和结论：1）aaob的碳素固定途径为乙酰辅酶a途径，碳素固定的还原力来自nadh或者qh2；2）aaob氮素转化的重要中间产物是no，而非nh2oh，并提出了以no为核心的aaob代谢的改进模型；3）aaob的atp合成途径为氧化磷酸化，推测的电子传递途径为n2h4―qh2―细胞色素bc1复合体；细胞色素bc1复合体再将电子用于no2-还原和n2h4合成.aaob的宏基因组技术使aaob代谢途径的研究更具方向性.随着分子生物学理论和技术的不断发展，宏基因组学的升级技术（如宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学）将为aaob代谢途径的研究提供新的方法与平台.图3表1参51
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