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不同光环境下刈割对黑麦草补偿性生长及叶片氮含量的影响

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.08011, PP. 287-294

Keywords: 刈割,光环境变化,补偿性生长,生物量分配,叶片氮含量,黑麦草

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Abstract:

补偿性生长(compensatorygrowth)是植物对外界干扰的积极响应,其补偿能力与外界光环境密切相关,而刈割后造成草地冠层下光环境变化会对刈后植物的补偿性生长产生影响.为深入了解补偿性生长机制,通过设置自然光(naturallight,nl)、红光(redlight,rl)和遮荫(shading,sh)3种光环境,模拟刈割后草地群落光环境变化,研究黑麦草(loliumperenne)刈割两次后生物量累积、分配及叶片氮含量的变化,探讨其补偿性生长对光质和光强变化的响应.结果显示:(1)nl和rl下,刈割后黑麦草的累积地上生物量与未刈割处理相比分别增加了24.44%和14.06%,表现为超补偿生长,sh下刈割与未刈割处理并无显著差异,表现为等补偿生长;(2)刈割后黑麦草地下相对生长速率(rgr)仅rl表现为增加,而nl和sh均为降低,且sh在未刈割下已为负增长,说明rl下刈割后黑麦草地上部分的超补偿生长并未影响地下部分的生长,而nl和sh下地上部分发生补偿生长后均抑制了地下部分的生长;(3)光环境变化和刈割明显影响了黑麦草叶片中的氮含量,3种光环境中,刈割与不刈割下黑麦草叶片氮含量均为sh>nl>rl,而刈割处理显著增加了叶片氮含量,与未刈割相比分别增加了43.86%、21.58%和13.16%;(4)3种光环境下,刈割和不刈割黑麦草生物量分配与其叶片氮含量之间的相关性均达到了极显著水平(r2=0.84,p<0.001).本研究表明,黑麦草的补偿性生长与外部光环境密切相关,其补偿能力取决于刈后剩余叶片的光合效率;光质对刈后黑麦草生物量分配模式有重要影响,因此红光下地上部分的超补偿生长不以牺牲地下生长为代偿;叶片氮含量是影响植物补偿性生长的关键因素,黑麦草补偿性生长主要通过增加叶片氮含量来实现,而生物量分配则与叶片中氮含量的多少有关.

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