基于交易成本视角的农户借贷渠道偏好研究――以全国六省农户调查数据为例

基于农户受到信贷约束假设,本文借助理论模型发现,如果农户面临的正规借贷渠道交易成本过高,则农户将转向非正规借贷渠道;由此进一步从农户社会资本和农村金融服务供给两个方面量化交易成本,实证检验交易成本对农户借贷渠道偏好的影响.研究结果表明:社会资本可以起到信号甄别的作用,从而降低农户与借贷资金供给方之间的信息不对称,这在非正规借贷渠道已经得到验证,不同类型的个人社会资本和社区社会资本作用存在显著差异,且个人社会资本的作用小于社区社会资本;增加农村金融服务供给,包括加强农村金融产品和服务宣传、增加服务农户的信贷工作人员、提高对农村地区的有效覆盖率、扩大对农户贷款总规模等,有助于降低交易成本,进而增加农户正规借贷渠道准入机会.
Based on the assumption of credit constraints and with the help of a theory model established on credit channel preference and cost of transaction, the present research found that if farmers faced a high cost of transaction for regular credit channels, they would switch to irregular channels for credit. In our paper, the transaction cost was quantified based on farmers’ social capital and rural finance service supply, and the impact of transaction cost on farmers’ credit channel preferences was empirically verified. Our research findings showed that social capital played a role of signal screening, so that the information asymmetry between rural households and credit suppliers could be reduced, which had been confirmed in irregular credit channels. There existed significant differences in the roles of various kinds of personal social capital and community social capital, and the role of personal social capital was less than that of community social capital. It would help reduce the cost and increase the opportunity of farmers’ taking the regular channels of credit to enhance rural finance service supply inclusive of rural finance product and service advertising and popularization, credit workers team expansion, effective coverage rate increase in rural areas, rural household credit scale enlargement, etc