项目进村背景下的村庄权力结构再造

项目下乡背景下,为吸引项目进村,村庄以提高项目承载力为核心进行了各种努力.通过对广西A村的调查发现,村庄为加强干部团结,提供治理能力,对村庄权力结构进行了两级再造,即将经济精英吸纳为村委干部,将灰黑势力发展为村民小组长,并将其改造成一种依附关系.权力的两级构造带来了治理资源和手段的两级分化.村庄治理呈现依靠传统治理资源进行试探性治理,依靠私人资源进行应急性治理,依靠象征暴力资源进行常规治理的治理秩序.然而,这种治理模式过度依赖私人资源,造成村庄治理去公共性的严重后果.项目越推进,村民越对村庄政治生活绝望.村级权力出现合法性危机.笔者认为,村级治理权力结构的再造,应嵌入到村庄自身的社会网络中.将多数普通村民组织起来参与村庄治理,才是提高村庄项目承载力的合理之道.
Under the background of village project,villages are making every effort to upgrade the capacity of accepting and upholding the project in order to attract more projects to enter the villages. Our survey found that for the purpose of enhancing the village leadership unity and its capacity of governance, the village power structure had been reshaped into two levels, i.e. Economic elites were recruited as village leaders and local black and evil forces were enlisted as group leaders of villagers, and transformed as a subordinate relationship. The two level structure of power caused the polarization of governance resources and vehicles. The village governance was conducted in a form of trial and probing administration with reliance on traditional governance resources, emergency administration with resorting to individual violence, and regular administration with reliance on symbolic violence resources. However, this kind of village governance over-depended on private resources, causing the loss of public administration in the village governance. The more the project was promoted, the more hopeless the villagers feel about the village political life―a legitimate crisis of village powers. The author believed that the recreation of village governance power should be inserted in the social web of the village itself. The mobilization and organization of ordinary villagers into the village governance is the most rational and ultimate way to improve the project accepting and upholding capacity