土地承包关系“长久不变”政策的模糊性与实现形式研究

土地承包关系"长久不变"是我国未来农村土地承包制度建设的基本方向,然而,土地承包关系"长久不变"政策的模糊性以及实现形式的不确定性阻碍了其科学贯彻落实和政策目标的实现.本文首先从起算时点、衔接过渡方式、土地承包期限、土地权能响应状态、配套的利益协调机制五个方面深入分析了土地承包关系"长久不变"政策的模糊性.然后,基于五个方面模糊性的化解,从公平和效率的理论视角构建起土地承包关系"长久不变"政策的实现形式.最后,土地承包关系"长久不变"政策的模糊性化解以及顺利贯彻落实需要做到三点:第一,应通过完善相关法律法规将之纳入法律轨道;第二,妥善解决相应的历史遗留问题和前瞻性问题;第三,推动土地产权制度、征地补偿制度与户籍制度的联动改革.
The policy of permanent stability of land contractual relations is the basic orientation of future land contract system in rural China, however, the effective realization of the Party and the central government’s policy objectives and implementation is hindered by the policy fuzziness and the uncertainty of ways of realization of permanent stability of land contractual relations. Firstly, this paper analyzes deeply the policy fuzziness of permanent stability of land contractual relations from five aspects, including starting point, transition mode, land contract period, land rights response and interest coordination mechanism, and then the permanent stability of land contractual relations’ realization ways is set up based on resolving the five aspects of policy fuzziness from the perspective of efficiency and fairness. Finally, the ambiguous solution and smooth implementation of the policy of permanent stability of land contractual relations must be preceded by fulfilling three prerequisites. Firstly, the policy of permanent stability of land contractual relations should be incorporated into the legal system of China through perfecting the relevant laws and regulations. Secondly, the questions left over from history and prospective problems should be properly solved. Thirdly, land property rights system, land expropriation compensation system and household registration system should be reformed synchronously