收入差距、收入流动性与收入均等化:基于中国农村的经验分析

本文将收入差距、收入流动性与收入均等化效应纳入到统一的分析框架,并基于2000―2011年间CHNS中国农村的数据进行了经验分析。研究发现:分析时段内中国农村居民收入均等化效应均为正,同时收入均等化效应伴随考察时段跨度的增长而愈加显著,上述正向的收入均等化效应主要归因于农村居民间收入地位的变动。但不利的是,在2000―2011年间的四个时段内,中国农村居民的收入均等化效应在逐步减弱,分解结果显示减弱的主因在于收入流动效应的下降,根本则在于农村居民收入流动性的降低。本文建议应打通农村居民不同收入阶层间流动的通道,将构建有利于机会权利公平的收入流动机制作为政策的着眼点。
Using the data of the CHNS between 1989 and 2011, this paper analyzed the interaction mechanism between income disparity, income mobility and income equalization effect empirically. The result showed that the income equalization effect was always positive and increased with the extension of time, due to the change of income status among rural residents. Unfortunately, the income equalization effect decreased during the four periods between 2000 and 2011, and the main reason was the residents’ income mobility reduced, especially rural residents’. Therefore, the government should enhance the system and mechanism innovation, in order to format an income mobility mechanism, which is beneficial to the equity of opportunity and natural rights