不同职业类型居民的养老预期及养老方式偏好 ――基于吉林省的实证研究

职业类型对养老方式的影响在已有的居民养老方式偏好研究中尚未得到足够重视,所以考察职业类型对养老方式的影响具有现实意义。通过对吉林省不同职业类型居民的养老预期和养老方式偏好实证调查的数据分析以及引入养老预期作为中间变量的定性研究,我们发现:职业的稳定性和声望地位均影响居民的养老预期和养老方式偏好:职业稳定性越高,社会声望地位越高,从业者应对风险的能力就越强,养老正预期也就越高,因而更倾向于通过自己和商业机构养老。相反,职业不稳定和声望地位较低的人,养老的负预期就越明显,从而对政府和社会提供的公办养老机构的依赖程度就越大。
The effect of types of occupations on old-age care modes has not received enough attention among the existing studies on residents’ preferences for old-age care modes. Hence, investigating such effect is of practical significance. Through analyzing the data from an empirical study on old-age care expectations and preferences of residents of different occupations in Jilin province, we conducted a qualitative study taking old-age care expectations as the intermediate variable. The results show that occupational stability, prestige and status exert influence on residents’ old-age care expectations and preferences. People taking stable occupations with high prestige and social status display stronger ability to respond to risks. They have higher positive old-age care expectations, thus tending to depend on themselves and private institutions for old-age care. By contrast, people of unstable occupations with low prestige and social status show an obvious inclination for negative old-age care expectations. Therefore, they rely more on public old-age care facilities provided by the government and society