论马克思“否定的幸福观”及其实践智慧――以亚当？沙夫的幸福方法论为视角

马克思从“幸福”的否定的方面“不幸(福)”出发来探讨幸福,研究普遍不幸的社会根源,在“消除不幸”这一否定的意义上为绝大多数人的最大幸福创造必要的社会条件。这是一种以现实人的现世幸福为目的的现实主义幸福观。它既克服了“幸福”本身的理想性和抽象性,又为人们追求幸福确立了明确的行动对象,鼓舞人们以消除普遍不幸为直接目标。在现实的日常生活实践中,应该从马克思主义幸福观中汲取智慧和方法,以克服、消除日常生活中实际存在的、明显的不幸和不公为使命,脚踏实地地谋求“有尊严的幸福生活”,从而达到为自己也为他人(人类)幸福而奋斗的目标。
When discussing happiness, Marx started from unhappiness, the opposite of happiness, to investigate the social roots of universal unhappiness. As for him, eliminating unhappiness is a social prerequisite for the vast majority’s happiness. Marx’ view on happiness, featured by realism, aims at a happiness which is accessible to people in reality. Such a view, rid of the idealization and abstractness of happiness, not only identifies the subjects in our pursuit of happiness, but also encourages us to eliminate universal unhappiness to the best of our ability. Hence, it should be the origin from which we draw wisdom. In our daily practice, when pursuing a happy and dignified life, we should take the mission of eliminating universal unhappiness and unfairness, and strive for the happiness of human beings