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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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板栗‘燕山早丰’有性生殖过程解剖学研究
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.04.007, PP. 37-43
Keywords: 板栗,有性生殖,胚珠败育
Abstract:
为揭示板栗结实率低的内在原因,以河北迁西地区12年生‘燕山早丰’板栗为试材,采用石蜡切片、荧光显微观察和扫描电镜法,对其有性生殖发育过程进行了研究。结果表明:①4月下旬在1年生枝条的芽体内已具花原基,柔荑花序形成;5月上旬完成性别分化;5月中旬幼花药分化出表皮、内壁、中层及腺质绒毡层,花药壁发育为基本型;5月下旬小孢子母细胞开始减数分裂,经过胞质同时分裂,形成四分体;6月上中旬花药开裂,花粉粒散出,成熟花粉为二细胞、三沟。②雌花于5月上旬开始形成,分为雌花原基分化期、柱头原基分化期、柱头伸长期、子房形成期和开花期。6月中旬胚珠原基形成,子房8～9室,每室两个倒生胚珠,具双珠被,厚珠心。6月底至7月初胚囊成熟,属蓼型胚囊。③6月上中旬雄花开放后,花粉管经过约2周穿过花柱基部,于6月底至7月初开始进入胚囊,精卵融合为有丝分裂前型;胚乳为核型胚乳;合子经原胚？棒状胚？球形胚？鱼雷型胚？子叶胚,胚胎发育方式为柳叶菜型。8月上旬发育为成熟胚,8月底至9月初种子成熟时胚乳消失。④在雌配子发育过程中,7月中旬出现71.7%败育的胚珠,表现为空腔的胚囊、珠心组织退化等,这可能是‘燕山早丰’结实率低的原因之一。因此,阻止胚珠败育是提高板栗产量的关键。
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