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南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) 2013

敦化三大硬阔、红松年轮-气候关系及生长季低温重建

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.03.006, PP. 29-34

李牧,王晓春*

Keywords: 水曲柳-胡桃楸-黄菠萝-红松,年轮,生长季,低温重建,敦化

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Abstract:

敦化地区位于北半球中高纬度的长白山脉腹地,是全球气候变化显著的区域之一,也是典型阔叶红松林分布区。水曲柳(fraxinusmandshurica)、胡桃楸(juglansmandshurica)、黄菠萝(phellodendronamurense)(三大硬阔)和红松(pinuskoraiensis)是阔叶红松林中的重要树种,探讨它们对气候变化的响应具有重要意义。采用树木年轮学方法,建立了敦化地区三大硬阔和红松4个树种的标准年表,与当地气候因子进行相关分析。结果表明:三大硬阔和红松对于气候因子的响应基本一致,与温度呈显著正相关,与降水相关较弱。月最低温度对红松径向生长限制最强,全年12个月都呈显著正相关。三大硬阔中,水曲柳的生长与1―10月的低温显著正相关,相关性最强;黄菠萝的生长与温度的相关性次之,全年有8个月(2―9月)与低温显著相关;胡桃楸的生长与温度的相关性较弱,仅与当年5、6、9月低温显著相关。综合分析表明,生长季低温(4―9月)是阔叶红松林树木生长的主要限制因子,因此基于水曲柳、胡桃楸和红松的平均年表重建了敦化地区1854年以来4―9月的最低温度。重建方程为y=4.28lnx+8.774,该方程解释了62.4%的低温变化,经分段检验证明重建方程稳定。重建序列表明,敦化地区过去158a有3个偏冷期(1888―1933、1965―1971和1977―1980年)和3个偏暖期(1860―1873、1938―1947和1991―2010年),冷暖变化存在8.4、6.9～6.3、3.7、2.5和2.2a等显著变化周期,近30a增温显著。

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