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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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闽北不同类型毛竹林水量平衡
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.03.008, PP. 41-46
Keywords: 毛竹林,水量平衡,林分结构,闽北
Abstract:
以闽北杉木林和常绿阔叶林为对照,对闽北山区主要毛竹林类型即竹杉混交林、毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林的水量平衡进行了研究。结果表明:林分水量主要收入项为降水,支出项为蒸散量、土壤蓄水变化量和径流量。其中,蒸散量是各林分水量输出的最大项,年蒸散量占年降水量的97.69%～99.12%,地表径流量为支出水量最小项,占降水量的0.52%～1.11%。闽北毛竹林全年输入水量大于输出水量,能够维持水量平衡,但存在季节性缺水问题。其中,2―3月和8―10月蒸散量大于降水量,应对毛竹林进行适当的补水。群落结构对水量平衡有重要的影响。降水量不同,群落不同层次的生物量与水分输出量的相关性不同,降水量较低时,地表径流、土壤蓄水变化量和蒸散量与乔木层或者草本层生物量的相关性较强;物种数与林分的蒸散系数及土壤调蓄水分的能力变化密切相关,物种总数和灌木物种数大,其蒸散系数大,蓄水变化量小。3种类型林分中,竹阔混交林物种数量较大,土壤水分补充迅速,且有较大的生产力,是一种较好的经营模式。
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