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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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煤矸石山植被自然恢复规律及其环境影响
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2014.S1.020, PP. 99-104
Keywords: 煤矸石山,植被恢复,人工干预,twinspan,dca,dcca
Abstract:
采用植物群落数量分类方法研究植被和土壤恢复状况,利用烘干法、环刀法、电位法、凯氏定氮法、钼锑抗比色法、火焰光度法和外加热法测定了土壤的理化性质,并采用twinspan、dca和dcca法研究了河南义马矸石植被梯度变化规律及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,煤矸石山大致可以分为三大类:排矸35a的煤矸石山边坡;排矸30a和35a矸石山;排矸45a和55a以及有人为干预(排矸20a)矸石山。dca排序与twinspan分类结果一致。dca和dcca排序图明显反映出排序轴的生态意义。不同类型矸石山自然植被的类型和生长情况差异明显,植物群落的梯度变化主要受土壤阳离子交换量、总孔隙度和土壤养分控制。直接种植具有土壤改良作用的刺槐林能加快矸石山植被的自然恢复和土壤改良进程。研究结果也表明,土壤理化性质改良,有助于自然植被恢复。边坡不稳定,植物难以自然定居,应采取措施稳固边坡;或与工程护坡措施相结合,种植一些抗干旱、耐瘠薄、深根性的植物,以加快边坡的生态恢复。
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