5种植物油体性质的比较
Comparison of properties of five plant oil bodies

【目的】对5种植物油体的大小、结构及稳定性进行考察，为选择优质的植物油体奠定基础。【方法】利用PBS作为缓冲液，采用梯度离心法，提取水稻、亚麻芥、黄豆、黑豆和红花5种植物的油体，对这5种油体的外观进行观察；在倒置显微镜（10倍目镜×40倍物镜）下对5种植物油体的显微结构进行考察；用Mastersizer 2000 激光粒度仪测定5种植物油体的粒径，同时比较于4 ℃放置15 d后5种油体的粒径变化情况；通过SDS-PAGE电泳明确5种植物油体蛋白的分布情况。【结果】与其他植物油体相比，红花油体色泽洁白、透亮，分布均匀，粒径呈单一峰型，且峰型平滑。红花油体粒径为 0.4～11.0 μm，多数集中在1.75～2.05 μm，水稻、亚麻芥、黄豆、黑豆油体粒径分别为0.5～12.0，0.3～11.0，0.4～13.0，0.4～13.0 μm。在4 ℃放置15 d后，5种植物油体的粒径增大，油体中均有杂峰出现，峰型不规则。SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果显示，5种植物油体相关蛋白主要分布在20.1～44.3 ku。【结论】红花油体较其他植物油体结构规则，分散均匀，应用前景广阔。
【Objective】This paper studied sizes,structures and stabilities of 5 plant oil bodies to provide reference for selection of good oil bodies.【Method】Using PBS buffer,the gradient centrifugation method was adopt to extract 5 plant oil bodies.The oil bodies were investigated and their microstructures were observed using inverted microscope.The particle sizes of different plant oil bodies were determined by laser particle analyzer Mastersizer 2000,and the changes in size after standing for 15 d were compared.The compositions of different plant oil bodies were also detected by SDS electrophoresis.【Result】Compared with other oil bodies,color of safflower oil body was pure white,its particle diameter was small,it dispersed uniformly with simple spike,and the particle diameter is 0.4-11.0 μm,mainly in 0.75-2.05 μm.Particle diameters of rice,linen mustard,soybean,black bean oil bodies were 0.5-12.0,0.3-11.0,0.4-13.0,and 0.4-13.0 μm,respectively.After standing at 4 ℃ for 15 d,the particle sizes increased and miscellaneous peaks showed up with irregular peak types.Through SDS PAGE electrophoresis,the correlative proteins of different plant oil bodies were mainly in 20.1-44.3 ku.【Conclusion】The structure of safflower oil body was more regular than other plant oil bodies,its dispersion was more evenly and had broad application prospects