基于16S rDNA-DGGE技术的真空包装鲢鱼片腐败菌群研究
Characterization of bacterial flora in vacuum package sliced silver carp based on 16S rDNA-DGGE

【目的】对真空和非真空包装不同温度贮藏的鲢鱼片的腐败菌群进行研究，为真空包装冷藏鲢鱼片腐败菌群及货架期的确定提供参考。【方法】应用16S rDNA V3区变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析方法，研究不同温度(4，10，20 ℃)条件下，真空和非真空包装鲢鱼片的腐败菌群。【结果】鲢鱼片贮藏终点的微生物具有多样性，真空包装鲢鱼片的主要腐败菌为少食嗜酵母菌(Zymophilus paucivorans)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌、梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium frigidicarnis)、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus oligofermentans)；不同温度下假单胞菌属细菌、漫游球菌(Vagococcus sp.)和莓实假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fragi)为优势菌；Pseudomonas sp.为鲢鱼片特征腐败优势菌。在4 ℃条件下，真空包装对一部分细菌起到抑制作用，鲢鱼片腐败菌群由少食嗜酵母菌、假单胞菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、威尔氏菌属(Weissella sp.)和乳杆菌构成。【结论】16S rDNA-DGGE技术可以有效揭示真空包装冷藏鲢鱼片腐败菌群结构。4 ℃冷藏和真空包装相结合可改变鲢鱼片菌群结构，同时抑制部分腐败菌，达到延长货架期的目的。
【Objective】The study explored the spoilage bacteria flora of sliced silver carp under different temperatures,vacuum and air package,in order to provide reference for the study of spoilage bacterial flora and to identify the shelf life of vacuum sliced silver carp.【Method】16S rDNA-DGGE of V3 region was used to reveal the bacterial flora of vacuum and air package sliced silver carp under different temperatures(4,10,20 ℃) storage.【Result】DGGE fingerprinting analysis showed that the diversities were observed at the end of storage of sliced silver carp.The spoilage bacterial flora include Zymophilus paucivorans,Pseudomonas sp.,Clostridium frigidicarnis,Lactobacillus oligofermentans.Pseudomonas sp.,Vagococcus sp.,and Pseudomonas fragi were dominant in different temperatures.Pseudomonas sp.was the special dominant bacterium in spoilage of sliced silver carp.Vacuum package sliced silver carp stored at 4 ℃ inhibited part of the species of bacteria and the dominant spoilage bacteria were Zymophilus paucivorans,Pseudomonas sp.,Clostridium frigidicarnis,Weissella sp.,and Lactobacillus oligofermentans.【Conclusion】16S rDNA-DGGE technology can be used to reveal the spoilage bacterial flora in vacuum package and chilled storage sliced silver carp effectively.Combination of vacuum package and 4 ℃ storage changed the bacterial community and inhibited part of spoilage bacteria,therefore extended the shelf life of vacuum sliced silver carp