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- 2015
雷公藤生物碱的土壤环境行为研究
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Abstract:
【目的】评价雷公藤生物碱在土壤中的环境行为，为推动该植物源杀虫剂的开发和应用提供依据。【方法】参照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》（中华人民共和国农业部），采用土壤吸附和土柱淋溶试验，研究雷公藤生物碱在3种土壤（东北黑土、河南二合土和关中土娄土）中的吸附性能；采用土壤降解试验，以灭菌和未灭菌的桃园、小麦田、甘蓝田土壤为研究对象，检测了雷公藤生物碱在不同土壤中的降解性能。【结果】雷公藤生物碱在东北黑土、河南二合土及关中土娄土上的吸附性能可以用Freundlich平衡方程进行拟合，其在以上3种土壤中的吸附常数Kd分别为15.21，8.62和11.05，均属较难吸附，也难淋溶。在未灭菌的桃园土壤、小麦田土壤及甘蓝田土壤中，雷公藤生物碱的降解半衰期分别为10.06，9.92 和8.88 d，均属易降解；而在灭菌的上述3种土壤中，雷公藤生物碱降解较慢，处理32 d后的降解率分别为49.71%，30.82%和33.33%。【结论】雷公藤生物碱在土壤中难移动、降解快，对土壤环境较为安全。
【Objective】Soil environmental behavior of Tripterygiun wilfordii alkaloids was evaluated to improve the development and application of T.wilfordii insecticides.【Method】Following the Test Guideline on Environmental Safety assessment for Chemical Pesticide made by Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,adsorption of T.wilfordii alkaloids in different soil types was conducted by batch equilibrium method and columns leaching method.Northeast China black soil,Henan fluvo-aquic soil and Lou soil in Guanzhong Plain were tested.Degradation of T.wilfordii alkaloids in different soil types was also conducted by degradation experiment using peach garden soil,wheat field soil and cabbage field soil with non-sterile treatment and sterilization treatment as objects.【Result】The adsorption of T.wilfordii alkaloids in three tested typical soils could be fitted with Freundlich equation with adsorption constants (Kd) of 15.21,8.62 and 11.05,respectively.The alkaloids were difficult to be leached.T.wilfordii alkaloids were easily degraded in fresh soil with the half lives of 10.06 d in peach garden soil,9.92 d in wheat field soil and 8.88 d in cabbage field soil,respectively.However,the compounds were slowly degraded in sterilization soils with the degradation rates of 49.71% (peach garden soil),30.82% (wheat field soil) and 33.33% (cabbage field soil) 32 d after treatment,respectively.【Conclusion】T.wilfordii alkaloids showed comparatively low mobility and easy degradation in soil.Thus,they were safe to soil environment
