The Ephemeroptera fauna in Venezuela is poorly known, as is also the case in others areas in South America. Recently, two studies increased from 33 to 50 the number of species recorded in Venezuela. The objective of the present study is to report for the first time in Venezuela the following species: Baetodes levis; Camelobaetidius edmundsi; Fallceon sp.; Mayobaetis ellenae. The nymph of Fallceon sp. is described, but is not named because adults were not reared to allow species identification; however, description of this nymph indicates the presence of this genus in South America. 1. Introduction The Ephemeroptera of Venezuela is poorly known [1], it has been characterized as mega-diverse based on studies of the flora and fauna of the Caribbean, Andes, Amazon and Guiana regions [2]. Until 2001, mayfly records for Venezuela represented only about 5% of the nominal mayfly species known in South America [3]. The most recent estimate of species richness indicates Venezuela has about 9% of the mayflies in the Neotropics [4]. The gap in faunal composition reflects the history of collecting rather than the actual richness of this taxon [3]. Based on the number of published studies on mayflies in South America, it is obvious that there has been more collecting effort in Brazil and Argentina than in any other country in this region [3]. In the last decades, a few studies have helped to increase our knowledge of Venezuelan mayflies (e.g., [5–7]). Recently, Nieto et al. [1] and Molineri et al. [4] studied Ephemeroptera in Venezuela’s Guyana Uplands, and in two articles the number of species recorded in the country increased from 33 to 50, reinforcing the need to increase the sampling area in order to really document the Ephemeroptera diversity in this country. The lack of information of this nature makes the analysis of biogeographic patterns difficult and precludes the development of regional identification keys and systematic studies. To improve our knowledge of mayflies of Venezuela, the main objectives of this paper are (1) to report for the first time the following taxa from Venezuela: Baetodes levis Mayo; Camelobaetidius edmundsi Dominique, Thomas & Mathuriau; Fallceon sp. and Mayobaetis ellenae (Mayo) and (2) to describe the nymph of Fallceon sp. 2. Material and Methods Nymphs were collected with an aquatic entomological net and fixed in 80% ethanol. Descriptions were prepared according toHubbard[8] with the aid of DELTA (Description Language for Taxonomy) open software by Dallwitz [9]. Formula for denticles of the mandible incisors has the following
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