Four microsatellite loci were used to achieve genetic characterization of six stocks from Litopenaeus vannamei used for aquaculture in Cuba: second generation from first introduction (S2-1), first generation from the second one (S1-2), from the third one (S1-3), and the fourth one (S1-4) and the crossings from two parental population: first generation from the first with first generation from the third (S1-1 × S1-3) and first generation from the second with first generation from the third (S1-2 × S1-3). 66% (16/24) of genetic systems in total loci were in genetic disequilibrium. The four microsatellite loci were polymorphic for all six stocks. Major quantities of allelic variants correspond to locus Pvan 1758, which is at the same time that one where there are private alleles from first generation of the third. All Fst comparisons were significant. This indicates big differences between stocks. The highest values are those in which there is presence of the second introduction. This introduction and its descendants are also more consanguineous. 1. Introduction In Latin America shrimp-producer countries, the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is the most representative species, with about 90% of production. Native from East Pacific, and from the tropical American continent, this species has shown an excellent culture adaptation and has been more resistant to salinity, oxygen, and temperature fluctuations. That is why, in the last twenty years, Litopenaeus vannamei, has been introduced in many culture programs, and nowadays it is the second culture after Penaeus monodon. In 2003 the first introduction of two stocks of White Pacific Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, [1] was achieved in Cuba, imported from USA, Shrimp Improving System and so handling, nutrition, and health techniques are well established, as well as the assessment of genetic variation in farms that had before cultured the indigenous species Litopenaeus schmitti. In total, five stocks have been introduced, and all of them have been characterized using microsatellite techniques [2–4]. Genetic studies have a capital importance in shrimp industry, in order to determine genetic variability level either in natural or cultured populations, but mainly to know when the latter could be enriched with new specimens [5]. It is moreover important to know the structure of natural population from which those specimens will be taken [6] and also to have good markers that allow population and family studies. It is clear that the priority should be given to the domestication and handling of broodstocks
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