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地震子波提取方法综述

Keywords: 确定性子波提取,统计性子波的提取,混合相位子波,高阶统计量,子空间法

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Abstract:

?地震子波提取方法总体上可分为确定性子波提取方法、统计性子波提取方法两大类。确定性子波提取方法不需要对反射系数序列的分布作任何假设,能得到较为准确的子波,但很容易受各种测井误差的影响,尤其是声波测井资料不准而引起的速度误差会导致子波振幅畸变和相位谱扭曲;统计性子波提取不需要测井信息,也可以得到子波的估计,但需要对地震资料和地下反射系数序列的分布进行某种假设,所得到子波精度与假设条件的满足程度有关。文中对确定性子波提取方法和统计性子波提取方法进行了详尽的评述,并认为可将通信工程中的子空间分解法的思想用于混合相位子波提取。子空间法混合相位子波提取基于信号和噪声子空间正交的原理,建立二次型的目标函数,不需要对地层反射系数做任何假设,因此子波提取准确度高且稳定性好。

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